Hypopituitarism natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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**In both genders, if left untreated, it will lead to decrease bone density and osteoporosis.<ref name="KlibanskiNeer1980">{{cite journal|last1=Klibanski|first1=Anne|last2=Neer|first2=Robert M.|last3=Beitins|first3=Inese Z.|last4=Ridgway|first4=E. Chester|last5=Zervas|first5=Nicholas T.|last6=McArthur|first6=Janet W.|title=Decreased Bone Density in Hyperprolactinemic Women|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=303|issue=26|year=1980|pages=1511–1514|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM198012253032605}}</ref> | **In both genders, if left untreated, it will lead to decrease bone density and osteoporosis.<ref name="KlibanskiNeer1980">{{cite journal|last1=Klibanski|first1=Anne|last2=Neer|first2=Robert M.|last3=Beitins|first3=Inese Z.|last4=Ridgway|first4=E. Chester|last5=Zervas|first5=Nicholas T.|last6=McArthur|first6=Janet W.|title=Decreased Bone Density in Hyperprolactinemic Women|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=303|issue=26|year=1980|pages=1511–1514|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM198012253032605}}</ref> | ||
**In women, there may be increase risk of coronary artery disease due to depletion of the estrogen level in women.<ref name="MatthewsMeilahn1989">{{cite journal|last1=Matthews|first1=Karen A.|last2=Meilahn|first2=Elaine|last3=Kuller|first3=Lewis H.|last4=Kelsey|first4=Sheryl F.|last5=Caggiula|first5=Arlene W.|last6=Wing|first6=Rena R.|title=Menopause and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=321|issue=10|year=1989|pages=641–646|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM198909073211004}}</ref> | **In women, there may be increase risk of coronary artery disease due to depletion of the estrogen level in women.<ref name="MatthewsMeilahn1989">{{cite journal|last1=Matthews|first1=Karen A.|last2=Meilahn|first2=Elaine|last3=Kuller|first3=Lewis H.|last4=Kelsey|first4=Sheryl F.|last5=Caggiula|first5=Arlene W.|last6=Wing|first6=Rena R.|title=Menopause and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=321|issue=10|year=1989|pages=641–646|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM198909073211004}}</ref> | ||
**In men, decrease muscle mass due to depletion of the testosterone hormone levels. | **In men, decrease muscle mass due to depletion of the testosterone hormone levels. | ||
*Vasopressin deficiency: It will end up to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance like hyponatremia. | |||
*Growth hormone deficiency: It may lead to serious vascular conditions and may lead to death.<ref name="pmid1973979">{{cite journal| author=Rosén T, Bengtsson BA| title=Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. | journal=Lancet | year= 1990 | volume= 336 | issue= 8710 | pages= 285-8 | pmid=1973979 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1973979 }} </ref> | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Natural History
Hypopituitarism develops different symptoms according to the affected part of the pituitary gland and the deficient hormone. Leaving hypopituitarism without treatment can lead to critical consequences. The natural history depends on the different manifestations of the disease as the following:[1]
- Hypogonadism:
- Vasopressin deficiency: It will end up to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance like hyponatremia.
- Growth hormone deficiency: It may lead to serious vascular conditions and may lead to death.[4]
Complications
Prognosis
Prognosis of hypopituitarism depends on:
- The cause of hypopituitarism: Prognosis of hypopituitarism resulting from tumor is worse than other causes.
- The reaction of hormone replacement therapy.
References
- ↑ Vance, Mary Lee (1994). "Hypopituitarism". New England Journal of Medicine. 330 (23): 1651–1662. doi:10.1056/NEJM199406093302306. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Klibanski, Anne; Neer, Robert M.; Beitins, Inese Z.; Ridgway, E. Chester; Zervas, Nicholas T.; McArthur, Janet W. (1980). "Decreased Bone Density in Hyperprolactinemic Women". New England Journal of Medicine. 303 (26): 1511–1514. doi:10.1056/NEJM198012253032605. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Matthews, Karen A.; Meilahn, Elaine; Kuller, Lewis H.; Kelsey, Sheryl F.; Caggiula, Arlene W.; Wing, Rena R. (1989). "Menopause and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease". New England Journal of Medicine. 321 (10): 641–646. doi:10.1056/NEJM198909073211004. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Rosén T, Bengtsson BA (1990). "Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism". Lancet. 336 (8710): 285–8. PMID 1973979.