Hyponatremia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Congestive heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Burns
Drug Side Effect	ACE inhibitors, Ajuga nipponensis makino , Asenapine maleate, Cefpodoxime, Chlorpropamide, Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Diuretics, Duloxetine, Eslicarbazepine acetate, Ethacrynic Acid, Felbamate, Fluvoxamine, Interferon gamma, Ixabepilone, Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, Nilotinib, Nivolumab, Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs , Oxcarbazepine, Pramipexole, Rifaximin, Tiagabine, Tolazamide, Zonisamide, Tolbutamide, Vortioxetine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Addison's disease, Corticosterone methyloxidase type I deficiency , Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic coma, Glucocorticoid deficiency, Familial hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism type 2, Hypothyroidism, Mineralocorticoid deficiency, Myxedema coma , Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone , Thyrotropin deficiency, 18-Hydroxylase deficiency , Familial hypoaldosteronism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute liver failure , Cirrhosis, Congenital chloride diarrhea , Diarrhea, Gastrointestinal fistula, Ileus, Necrotizing enterocolitis , Pancreatitis, Peritonitis, Vomiting, Cystic fibrosis
Genetic	18-Hydroxylase deficiency , Bartter Syndrome type 4 , Cystic fibrosis, Familial hypoaldosteronism , Corticosterone methyloxidase type I deficiency , Familial hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism type 2, Congenital chloride diarrhea
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	After pituitary surgery, After surgery, Ascitic tap, Gastric drainage, Hypotonic infusions, Pleuracentesis
Infectious Disease	Malignant boutonneuse fever , Neonatal bacterial meningitis , Peritonitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Intracranial hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Pituitary cancer
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Hypoalbuminemia, Low sodium diet, Metabolic acidosis, Diabetic coma
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Pregnancy
Oncologic	Pituitary cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Water intoxication
Psychiatric	Psychogenic polydipsia, Psychosis, Self-induced water intoxication and schizophrenic disorders syndrome
Pulmonary	Cystic fibrosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Acute kidney disease, Chronic kidney disease, Diuresis, Glucosuria, Ketonuria, Nephrotic syndrome, Renal Tubular Acidosis, Tubulointerstitial kidney disease, Bartter Syndrome type 4 , Corticosterone methyloxidase type I deficiency , Renal failure
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Addison's disease, Nephrotic syndrome
Sexual	Cystic fibrosis
Trauma	Burns
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Beer potomania, Ecstasy abuse , Factitious hyponatremia, Hydration, Massive edema, Pseudohyponatremia, Water Intoxication , Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Hypoalbuminemia, Exercise associated hyponatremia

Causes in Alphabetical Order

18-Hydroxylase deficiency ACE inhibitors Acute kidney disease Acute liver failure Addison's disease After pituitary surgery After surgery Ajuga nipponensis makino Ascitic tap Bartter Syndrome type 4 Beer potomania Burns Chronic kidney disease Cirrhosis Congenital chloride diarrhea Congestive heart failure Corticosterone methyloxidase type I deficiency Cyclophosphamide Cystic fibrosis Desmopressin Diabetes mellitus Diabetic coma Diarrhea Diuresis Diuretics Ecstasy abuse Exercise associated hyponatremia Factitious hyponatremia Familial hypoaldosteronism Familial hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism type 2 Gastric drainage Gastrointestinal fistula Glucocorticoid deficiency Glucosuria Hydration Hyperlipidemia

Hyperproteinemia Hypoalbuminemia Hypothyroidism Hypotonic infusions Ileus Interferon gamma Intracranial hemorrhage Ketonuria Low sodium diet Malignant boutonneuse fever Massive edema Metabolic acidosis Mineralocorticoid deficiency Myxedema coma Necrotizing enterocolitis Neonatal bacterial meningitis Nephrotic syndrome Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs Pancreatitis Peritonitis Pituitary cancer Pleuracentesis Pregnancy Pseudohyponatremia Psychogenic polydipsia Psychosis Renal Failure Renal Tubular Acidosis Self-induced water intoxication and schizophrenic disorders syndrome Subarachnoid hemorrhage Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Thyrotropin deficiency Tiagabine Tubulointerstitial kidney disease Vomiting Water Intoxication