Hypogonadism natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Natural History

Complications

Complications of hypogonadism depend on the age of the patient. Complications that can develop are enlisted as the following:[1]

  • Fetal life:
    • Ambigous genitalia which means genitalia unclear whether it is male or female.
  • Puberty:
    • Gynecomastia
    • Complete delay of puberty
    • Impaired gonadal growth
  • Adult:
    • Infertility
    • Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
    • Depression
    • Cardiovascular stroke
    • Myocardial infarction
    • Osteoporosis

Prognosis

  • The prognosis of hypogonadism is good with treatment and patients can have normal life along side the appropriate medical therapy.
  • Despite the different complications of hypogonadism, they can be managed under appropriate treatment.[2]

References

  1. Arver S, Luong B, Fraschke A, Ghatnekar O, Stanisic S, Gultyev D; et al. (2014). "Is testosterone replacement therapy in males with hypogonadism cost-effective? An analysis in Sweden". J Sex Med. 11 (1): 262–72. doi:10.1111/jsm.12277. PMID 23937088.
  2. Rahnema CD, Lipshultz LI, Crosnoe LE, Kovac JR, Kim ED (2014). "Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment". Fertil Steril. 101 (5): 1271–9. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.002. PMID 24636400.

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