Hypertension: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 19:02, 18 December 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Hypertension is generally defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Hypertension can be chronic or acute. While 95% of the cases of chronic hypertension are primary, 5% of chronic hypertension is secondary to other underlying causes. Hypertensive crisis is the acute elevation of blood pressure and it can be classified into hypertensive emergency or hypertensive urgency when end organ damage is present or absent respectively.
Classification
For more details about each specific type of hypertension, click on the links in blue in the algorithm below.
In order to distinguish primary hypertension from secondary hypertension, click here.
| Hypertension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chronic hypertension | Hypertensive crisis Acute elevation of blood pressure - Systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg OR - Diastolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary hypertension (also known as essential hypertension) (95% of the cases) | Secondary hypertension (5% of the cases) | Hypertensive emergency Evidence of end organ damage | Hypertensive urgency No evidence of end organ damage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Desmopressin, Atropine |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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