Hydronephrosis overview

Jump to navigation Jump to search
https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mi7XtyHwVHk%7C350}}

Hydronephrosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hydronephrosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hydronephrosis overview On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hydronephrosis overview

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hydronephrosis overview

CDC on Hydronephrosis overview

Hydronephrosis overview in the news

Blogs on Hydronephrosis overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hydronephrosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hydronephrosis overview

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]


Synonyms and keywords:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Ureteral anatomy and the function of the ureterovesical junction was first discovered by Galen, Leonardo da Vinci and John Sampson.In 1950s, Hodson and Edwards was the first to discover the association between association of VUR with renal scarring.

  • Ureteral anatomy and the function of the ureterovesical junction was first discovered by Galen, Leonardo da Vinci drawings and John Sampson dissections.
  • In 1950s, Hodson and Edwards was the first to discover the association between association of VUR with renal scarring from bacterial infection and the development of hydronephrosis.
  • In 1952, Hutch performed the first antireflux surgery in paraplegic patients.
  • In 1717, the first to description of obstruction of the posterior urethra (PUO) was by Morgagni.

Classification

Grade 0 No renal pelvis dilation Anteroposterior diameter of less than 4 mm in fetuses
Grade 1 Mild renal pelvis dilation Anteroposterior diameter less than 10 mm in fetuses
Grade 2 Moderate renal pelvis dilation Anteroposterior diameter between 10 and 15 mm in fetuses
Grade 3 Renal pelvis dilation along with all calyces dilatation
Grade 4 Renal pelvis dilation along with all calyces dilatation

with thinning of the renal parenchyma

Pathophysiology

Causes

Hydronephrosis is commonly caused by conditions that obstruct urine outflow anywhere between kidneys and urethral opening. It is also caused by non obstructive conditions in some cases. Most common causes of hydronephrosis are renal calculi, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, vesicoureteric reflux, carcinoma involving urinary tract, prostate enlargement and cancer, blood clots retention and external compression from pelvic and abdominal tumors such as ovarian cysts, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Differentiating Hydronephrosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

References

Template:WH Template:WS