Hepatitis D pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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{{Hepatitis D}} | {{Hepatitis D}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{VK}} | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Transmission=== | ===Transmission=== | ||
The routes of transmission of hepatitis D are similar to those for hepatitis B. Infection is largely restricted to persons at high risk of hepatitis B infection, particularly injecting drug users and persons receiving clotting factor concentrates. Worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected. HDV is rare in most [[Developed country|developed countries]], and is mostly associated with [[Drug injection|intravenous drug use]]. However, HDV is much more common in the immediate Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the northern part of South America.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Radjef N|title=Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a Deltavirus Genus of at Least Seven Major Clades|journal=J. Virol.|volume=78|issue=5|pages=2537–44|year=2004|month=March|pmid=14963156|pmc=369207|url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14963156|doi=10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004|author-separator=,|author2=Gordien E|author3=Ivaniushina V|display-authors=3|last4=Gault|first4=E.|last5=Anais|first5=P.|last6=Drugan|first6=T.|last7=Trinchet|first7=J.-C.|last8=Roulot|first8=D.|last9=Tamby|first9=M.}}</ref> In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Taylor JM|title=Hepatitis delta virus|journal=Virology|volume=344|issue=1|pages=71–6|year=2006|month=January|pmid=16364738|doi=10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033}}</ref> | The routes of transmission of hepatitis D are similar to those for [[hepatitis B]]. Infection is largely restricted to persons at high risk of [[hepatitis B]] infection, particularly injecting drug users and persons receiving clotting factor concentrates. Worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected. HDV is rare in most [[Developed country|developed countries]], and is mostly associated with [[Drug injection|intravenous drug use]]. However, HDV is much more common in the immediate Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the northern part of South America.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Radjef N|title=Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a Deltavirus Genus of at Least Seven Major Clades|journal=J. Virol.|volume=78|issue=5|pages=2537–44|year=2004|month=March|pmid=14963156|pmc=369207|url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14963156|doi=10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004|author-separator=,|author2=Gordien E|author3=Ivaniushina V|display-authors=3|last4=Gault|first4=E.|last5=Anais|first5=P.|last6=Drugan|first6=T.|last7=Trinchet|first7=J.-C.|last8=Roulot|first8=D.|last9=Tamby|first9=M.}}</ref> In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Taylor JM|title=Hepatitis delta virus|journal=Virology|volume=344|issue=1|pages=71–6|year=2006|month=January|pmid=16364738|doi=10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033}}</ref> | ||
Hepatitis D is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), a defective virus that needs the hepatitis B virus to exist. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is found in the blood of persons infected with the virus. | Hepatitis D is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), a defective virus that needs the hepatitis B virus to exist. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is found in the blood of persons infected with the virus. |
Revision as of 14:32, 14 March 2012
Hepatitis D |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]
Pathophysiology
Transmission
The routes of transmission of hepatitis D are similar to those for hepatitis B. Infection is largely restricted to persons at high risk of hepatitis B infection, particularly injecting drug users and persons receiving clotting factor concentrates. Worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected. HDV is rare in most developed countries, and is mostly associated with intravenous drug use. However, HDV is much more common in the immediate Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the northern part of South America.[1] In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.[2]
Hepatitis D is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), a defective virus that needs the hepatitis B virus to exist. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is found in the blood of persons infected with the virus.
- Occurs when blood from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not immune.
- HBV is spread through having sex with an infected person without using a condom (the efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission);
- By sharing drugs, needles, or "works" when "shooting" drugs;
- Through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job; or
- From an infected mother to her baby during birth.[3] [4]
Histopathological Findings
{{#ev:youtube|_hXvbpSxFZw}}
References
- ↑ Radjef N; Gordien E; Ivaniushina V; et al. (2004). "Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a Deltavirus Genus of at Least Seven Major Clades". J. Virol. 78 (5): 2537–44. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004. PMC 369207. PMID 14963156. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|author-separator=
ignored (help) - ↑ Taylor JM (2006). "Hepatitis delta virus". Virology. 344 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033. PMID 16364738. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)