Hepatitis D epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Prevalence=== | |||
More than 10 million people are infected with HDV worldwide. Two epidemiologic patterns of hepatitis D infection exist | |||
Hepatitis D infections occur globally, but the prevalence varies widely among countries. An estimated 10 million people worldwide have dual infections with hepatitis D and hepatitis B viruses. Hepatitis D infection occurs epidemically or endemically in populations at risk of hepatitis B virus infection, such as populations in countries where hepatitis B is endemic (e.g., Russia, Romania, southern Italy, Africa and South America); in [[hemophiliacs]], intravenous drug addicts and others who come in frequent contact with blood; in institutions for the developmentally disabled; and, to a much lesser extent, in men having sex with men. | Hepatitis D infections occur globally, but the prevalence varies widely among countries. An estimated 10 million people worldwide have dual infections with hepatitis D and hepatitis B viruses. Hepatitis D infection occurs epidemically or endemically in populations at risk of hepatitis B virus infection, such as populations in countries where hepatitis B is endemic (e.g., Russia, Romania, southern Italy, Africa and South America); in [[hemophiliacs]], intravenous drug addicts and others who come in frequent contact with blood; in institutions for the developmentally disabled; and, to a much lesser extent, in men having sex with men. | ||
Viral hepatitis D is of concern to drug treatment programs because of its association with hepatitis B, which affects up to 80 percent of injection drug users in some areas. The prevalence of HDV is estimated to be 20 to 53 percent among drug users who are [[ | Viral hepatitis D is of concern to drug treatment programs because of its association with hepatitis B, which affects up to 80 percent of injection drug users in some areas. The prevalence of HDV is estimated to be 20 to 53 percent among drug users who are [[HBhttp://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hepatitis_D_epidemiology_and_demographics&action=editsAg]] positive. HDV is clinically important because persons co-infected with hepatitis B and HDV are at increased risk of developing more severe liver disease. [[Hepatitis B vaccination]] will effectively prevent delta hepatitis. It is mandatory that persons infected with HBV who are HBsAg positive alter their risk-associated behavior to avoid infecting persons not previously exposed to hepatitis B with hepatitis B alone or with both hepatitis B and D if co-infection is present. | ||
HDV is rare in most [[Developed country|developed countries]], and is mostly associated with [[Drug injection|intravenous drug use]]. However, HDV is much more common in the immediate Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the northern part of South America.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Radjef N|title=Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a Deltavirus Genus of at Least Seven Major Clades|journal=J. Virol.|volume=78|issue=5|pages=2537–44|year=2004|month=March|pmid=14963156|pmc=369207|url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14963156|doi=10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004|author-separator=,|author2=Gordien E|author3=Ivaniushina V|display-authors=3|last4=Gault|first4=E.|last5=Anais|first5=P.|last6=Drugan|first6=T.|last7=Trinchet|first7=J.-C.|last8=Roulot|first8=D.|last9=Tamby|first9=M.}}</ref> In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Taylor JM|title=Hepatitis delta virus|journal=Virology|volume=344|issue=1|pages=71–6|year=2006|month=January|pmid=16364738|doi=10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033}}</ref> | HDV is rare in most [[Developed country|developed countries]], and is mostly associated with [[Drug injection|intravenous drug use]]. However, HDV is much more common in the immediate Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the northern part of South America.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Radjef N|title=Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a Deltavirus Genus of at Least Seven Major Clades|journal=J. Virol.|volume=78|issue=5|pages=2537–44|year=2004|month=March|pmid=14963156|pmc=369207|url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14963156|doi=10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004|author-separator=,|author2=Gordien E|author3=Ivaniushina V|display-authors=3|last4=Gault|first4=E.|last5=Anais|first5=P.|last6=Drugan|first6=T.|last7=Trinchet|first7=J.-C.|last8=Roulot|first8=D.|last9=Tamby|first9=M.}}</ref> In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Taylor JM|title=Hepatitis delta virus|journal=Virology|volume=344|issue=1|pages=71–6|year=2006|month=January|pmid=16364738|doi=10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 12:32, 6 August 2014
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Hepatitis D |
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Hepatitis D epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatitis D epidemiology and demographics |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatitis D epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
HDV is rare in most developed countries, and is mostly associated with intravenous drug abuse. However HDV is much more common in Mediterranean countries, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and countries in the northern part of South America.[1] In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
More than 10 million people are infected with HDV worldwide. Two epidemiologic patterns of hepatitis D infection exist
Hepatitis D infections occur globally, but the prevalence varies widely among countries. An estimated 10 million people worldwide have dual infections with hepatitis D and hepatitis B viruses. Hepatitis D infection occurs epidemically or endemically in populations at risk of hepatitis B virus infection, such as populations in countries where hepatitis B is endemic (e.g., Russia, Romania, southern Italy, Africa and South America); in hemophiliacs, intravenous drug addicts and others who come in frequent contact with blood; in institutions for the developmentally disabled; and, to a much lesser extent, in men having sex with men.
Viral hepatitis D is of concern to drug treatment programs because of its association with hepatitis B, which affects up to 80 percent of injection drug users in some areas. The prevalence of HDV is estimated to be 20 to 53 percent among drug users who are HBhttp://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hepatitis_D_epidemiology_and_demographics&action=editsAg positive. HDV is clinically important because persons co-infected with hepatitis B and HDV are at increased risk of developing more severe liver disease. Hepatitis B vaccination will effectively prevent delta hepatitis. It is mandatory that persons infected with HBV who are HBsAg positive alter their risk-associated behavior to avoid infecting persons not previously exposed to hepatitis B with hepatitis B alone or with both hepatitis B and D if co-infection is present.
HDV is rare in most developed countries, and is mostly associated with intravenous drug use. However, HDV is much more common in the immediate Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the northern part of South America.[3] In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.[4]
References
- ↑ Radjef N, Gordien E, Ivaniushina V; et al. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate a wide and ancient radiation of African hepatitis delta virus, suggesting a deltavirus genus of at least seven major clades". J. Virol. 78 (5): 2537–44. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004. PMC 369207. PMID 14963156. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Taylor JM (2006). "Hepatitis delta virus". Virology. 344 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033. PMID 16364738. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Radjef N; Gordien E; Ivaniushina V; et al. (2004). "Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a Deltavirus Genus of at Least Seven Major Clades". J. Virol. 78 (5): 2537–44. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004. PMC 369207. PMID 14963156. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - ↑ Taylor JM (2006). "Hepatitis delta virus". Virology. 344 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033. PMID 16364738. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)