Hepatitis C risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Hepatitis C}} | {{Hepatitis C}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[User:YazanDaaboul|Yazan Daaboul]], [[User:Sergekorjian|Serge Korjian]] | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[User:YazanDaaboul|Yazan Daaboul]], [[User:Sergekorjian|Serge Korjian]];{{JA}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most potent [[risk factor]] in the development of hepatitis C is [[intravenous drug use]]. Other [[risk factors]] include occupational exposure to [[blood]], sexual intercourse with infected individuals, multiple [[bloods]] [[transfusions]] prior to 1992, and [[HIV]] [[infection]]. | |||
The most potent risk factor in the development of hepatitis C is [[intravenous drug use]]. Other risk factors include occupational exposure to blood, sexual intercourse with infected individuals, multiple | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Percutaneous exposure to blood is the primary mode of HCV transmission. | Percutaneous exposure to [[blood]] is the primary mode of HCV transmission. | ||
The following are the most important risk factors for HCV infection:<ref name="pmid17552026">{{cite journal| author=Alter MJ| title=Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 17 | pages= 2436-41 | pmid=17552026 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17552026 }} </ref>: | The following are the most important [[risk factors]] for HCV [[infection]]:<ref name="pmid17552026">{{cite journal| author=Alter MJ| title=Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 17 | pages= 2436-41 | pmid=17552026 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17552026 }} </ref><ref name="Kaplan2020">{{cite journal|last1=Kaplan|first1=David E.|title=Hepatitis C Virus|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=173|issue=5|year=2020|pages=ITC33–ITC48|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/AITC202009010}}</ref>: | ||
*'''Injecting drug use''' is the most important risk | * Individuals are majorly infected via [[percutaneous]] exposure to infected [[blood]]. Most persons with HCV were [[infected]]. | ||
*'''Transfusion of blood and blood products''', especially before 1992 | *'''Injecting drug use''' is the most important [[risk factors]] nowadays | ||
*'''Transfusion of [[blood]] and blood products''', especially before 1992 | |||
*'''Unsafe therapeutic injections''', especially in [[hemophilia]] patients prior to 1987 | *'''Unsafe therapeutic injections''', especially in [[hemophilia]] patients prior to 1987 | ||
Other, less important risk factors include:<ref name="pmid17552026">{{cite journal| author=Alter MJ| title=Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 17 | pages= 2436-41 | pmid=17552026 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17552026 }} </ref> | Other, less important risk factors include:<ref name="pmid17552026">{{cite journal| author=Alter MJ| title=Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 17 | pages= 2436-41 | pmid=17552026 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17552026 }} </ref><ref name="Kaplan2020">{{cite journal|last1=Kaplan|first1=David E.|title=Hepatitis C Virus|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=173|issue=5|year=2020|pages=ITC33–ITC48|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/AITC202009010}}</ref> | ||
*[[Hemodialysis]] | *[[Hemodialysis]] (Higher rates of infection are observed) | ||
*Solid organ [[transplantation]] from infected donors | *Solid organ [[transplantation]] from infected donors | ||
*Occupational exposure to blood, such as contaminated needle sticks | *Occupational exposure to blood, such as contaminated needle sticks | ||
*Birth to infected mother in cases of detectable maternal [[HCV PCR]] at [[delivery]] | *Birth to infected mother in cases of detectable maternal [[HCV PCR]] at [[delivery]] (at the rate of 4%–5%). [[Breastfeeding]] is not associated with the [[transmission]]. | ||
*Sexual intercourse with infected partner | *Sexual intercourse with infected partner | ||
*Sexual intercourse with multiple partners | *Sexual intercourse with multiple partners | ||
*[[HIV]] infection | *[[HIV]] infection | ||
*[[Tattoo]] or | *[[Tattoo]] or piercing with infected needle sticks (low risk for transmission after strict infection control measures) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:FinalQCRequired]] | [[Category:FinalQCRequired]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:33, 11 June 2021
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Hepatitis C |
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Hepatitis C risk factors On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatitis C risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian;Javaria Anwer M.D.[2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of hepatitis C is intravenous drug use. Other risk factors include occupational exposure to blood, sexual intercourse with infected individuals, multiple bloods transfusions prior to 1992, and HIV infection.
Risk Factors
Percutaneous exposure to blood is the primary mode of HCV transmission. The following are the most important risk factors for HCV infection:[1][2]:
- Individuals are majorly infected via percutaneous exposure to infected blood. Most persons with HCV were infected.
- Injecting drug use is the most important risk factors nowadays
- Transfusion of blood and blood products, especially before 1992
- Unsafe therapeutic injections, especially in hemophilia patients prior to 1987
Other, less important risk factors include:[1][2]
- Hemodialysis (Higher rates of infection are observed)
- Solid organ transplantation from infected donors
- Occupational exposure to blood, such as contaminated needle sticks
- Birth to infected mother in cases of detectable maternal HCV PCR at delivery (at the rate of 4%–5%). Breastfeeding is not associated with the transmission.
- Sexual intercourse with infected partner
- Sexual intercourse with multiple partners
- HIV infection
- Tattoo or piercing with infected needle sticks (low risk for transmission after strict infection control measures)