Hepatitis C epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
Revision as of 15:23, 5 April 2012
Epidemiology
Hepatitis C infects an estimated 170 million people worldwide and 4 million in the United States. There are about 35,000 to 185,000 new cases a year in the United States. Co-infection with HIV is common and rates among HIV positive populations are higher. 10,000-20,000 deaths a year in the United States are from HCV; expectations are that this mortality rate will increase, as those who were infected by transfusion before HCV testing become apparent. A survey conducted in California showed prevalence of up to 34% among prison inmates;[1] 82% of subjects diagnosed with hepatitis C have previously been in jail,[2] and transmission while in prison is well described.[3]
Egypt has the highest seroprevalence for HCV, up to 20% in some areas. There is a hypothesis that the high prevalence is linked to a now-discontinued mass-treatment campaign for schistosomiasis, which is endemic in that country.[4]
In 2007, there were an estimated 17,000 new Hepatitis C virus infections in the United States. However, the official number of reported Hepatitis C cases is much lower. Many people who are infected never have symptoms and therefore never come to the attention of medical or public health officials.[5]
An estimated 3.2 million persons in the United States have chronic Hepatitis C virus infection. Most people do not know they are infected because they don’t look or feel sick.[6]
Approximately 75%–85% of people who become infected with Hepatitis C virus develop chronic infection.[7]
References
- ↑ Ruiz J, Molitor F, Plagenhoef J (2002). "Trends in hepatitis C and HIV infection among inmates entering prisons in California, 1994 versus 1999". AIDS. 16 (16): 2236–8. PMID 12409752.
- ↑ Campbell J, Hagan H, Latka M, Garfein R, Golub E, Coady M, Thomas D, Strathdee S (2006). "High prevalence of alcohol use among hepatitis C virus antibody positive injection drug users in three US cities". Drug Alcohol Depend. 81 (3): 259–65. PMID 16129567.
- ↑ McGovern B, Wurcel A, Kim A, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Bica I, Zaman M, Timm J, Walker B, Lauer G (2006). "Acute hepatitis C virus infection in incarcerated injection drug users". Clin Infect Dis. 42 (12): 1663–70. PMID 16705568.
- ↑ Frank C, Mohamed M, Strickland G, Lavanchy D, Arthur R, Magder L, El Khoby T, Abdel-Wahab Y, Aly Ohn E, Anwar W, Sallam I (2000). "The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt". Lancet. 355 (9207): 887–91. PMID 10752705.
- ↑ CDC
- ↑ CDC
- ↑ CDC