Hepatitis B history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History
Part of the initial evaluation for HBV infection include a thorough patient history focusing on potential modes and timing of infection.[1]
Aspects covered in the patient's history include:[1]
- Exposure to blood and/or blood products
- Injection drug use(IDU)
- Sexual exposure
- Occupational exposure
- Family history of HBV
- Recent history of invasive procedures performed in non-hospital health care settings, including hemodialysis centers and long-term care facilities[2]
History taking among immigrants from regions with a high prevalence of HBV should include questions regarding family history of acute and/or chronic liver disease, rituals in which shared and non-sterile instruments were used such as scarification and piercing, and traditional medical procedures.[1]
In patients with chronic HBV, history taking should focus on the following:[1]
- Risk factors for coinfection
- Medication history
- Smoking status
- Alcohol consumption
- Drug abuse
- Sexual activity
- History of previous HBV treatment
- Anti-retroviral drug regimen if coinfected with HIV
Symptoms
Approximately, 50% of adults with acute HBV infections are asymptomatic. However, clinical symptoms occur more often in adults than in infants or children, who usually have an asymptomatic acute course.[3]
Symptoms can include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Dark urine
- Clay-colored bowel movements
- Joint pain
- Yellowish discoloration of the eyes and skin
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Klug WA, Capelhuchnick P, Gagliardi D, Oriente L (1979). "[Intestinal occlusion caused by spontaneous hematoma of the colon in a leukemia patient]". Rev Paul Med. 93 (1–2): 21–4. PMID 288148.
- ↑ Thompson ND, Perz JF, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD (2009). "Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, 1998-2008". Ann Intern Med. 150 (1): 33–9. PMID 19124818.
- ↑ Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases 2012.http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hepb.html