Hemoptysis

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Hemoptysis
ICD-10 R04.2
ICD-9 786.3
DiseasesDB 5578
MedlinePlus 003073

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Spitting up blood; bloody sputum; coughing up blood; blood in sputum

Overview

Hemoptysis or haemoptysis (see American and British spelling differences) is the expectoration (coughing up) of blood or of blood-stained sputum from a source below the vocal cords such as the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs (e.g. in tuberculosis or other respiratory infections). It is not the same as hematemesis, which refers to vomiting up blood.

Pathophysiology

In most cases of hemoptysis, bleeding comes from the bronchial arteries as opposed to the pulmonary arteries.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of hemoptysis include:

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Natural Hisotry, Compilcations and Prognosis

Although uncommon, massive hemoptysis may be fatal.

Diagnostic

Laboratory Findings

Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies

Chest X Ray

CT

  • Chest CT scan to show focal bleeding

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

  • Treat underling etiologies for minor hemoptysis
  • Special attention to airway, breathing and circulation
  • Administration of supplemental O2
  • Stablize hemodynamics
  • Cough suppression
  • Intubation

Acute Pharmacotherapies

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

  • Bronchoscopic balloon tamponade
  • Arteriography and embolization
  • Emergent thoracic surgery

External links

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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