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{{SK}}  Bright red blood per rectum, BRBPR
{{SK}}  Bright red blood per rectum, BRBPR
==Overview==
'''Hematochezia''' is the passage of bright red, [[blood]]y [[feces|stools]] from the [[rectum]], also called thusly ('''bright red blood per rectum''') and abbreviated BRBPR.


It is distinguished from [[melena]], which is stool with blood that has been altered by the [[gut flora]] and appears black/"[[tar]]ry".  Hematochezia is commonly associated with [[lower gastrointestinal bleeding]].
==[[Hematochezia overview|Overview]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Differential diagnosis of causes===
In adults, the most common causes are [[hemorrhoid]]s and [[diverticulosis]], both of which are relatively benign; however, it can also be caused by [[colorectal cancer]]. In a newborn infant ([[neonate]]), hematochezia may be the result of swallowed maternal blood at the time of delivery, but can also be an initial symptom of [[necrotizing enterocolitis]], a serious condition affecting premature infants. In [[adolescent]]s and young adults, [[inflammatory bowel disease]], particularly [[ulcerative colitis]], is a serious cause of hematochezia that must be considered and excluded.


[[Hematochezia]] can be due to [[upper gastrointestinal bleed]]ing. However, as the blood from such a bleeding is usually chemically modified by action of [[acid]] and [[enzyme]]s, it presents more commonly as [[melena]]. [[Hematochezia]] from an upper gastrointestinal source is an ominous sign, as it suggests a very brisk bleed which can be life threatening. Upper GI bleeding will sometimes also be associated with a rise in the [[blood urea nitrogen]] ([[BUN]]) as blood components are absorbed by the GI tract.
[[Hematochezia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hematochezia physical examination|Physical Examination]]  | [[Hematochezia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hematochezia x ray|X Ray]] | [[Hematochezia CT|CT]] | [[Hematochezia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hematochezia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Hematochezia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hematochezia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Hematochezia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hematochezia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] |  [[Hematochezia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hematochezia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Hematochezia case study one|Case #1]]


==Related Chapters==
==Related Chapters==

Revision as of 19:32, 5 September 2012

Hematochezia
ICD-9 578.1
DiseasesDB 19317
MedlinePlus 003130

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Bright red blood per rectum, BRBPR

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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