Hemangioma overview: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Hemangioma}}
{{Hemangioma}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Hemangioma''' was first described by Dr. Robert Liston, a British surgeon, in 1843.<ref name=History>Liston R. Case of erectile tumour in the popliteal space.-Removal. Med Chir Trans. 1843;26:120-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116921/pdf/medcht00056-0152.pdf</ref> Hemangioma may be classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into six subtypes: Infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, spindle-cell hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma.<ref name=hemangioma>Hemangioma. Dr Tim Luijkx and Dr Donna D'Souza et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref><ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> Development of hemangioma is the result of genetic mutations, overexpression of angiogenic fators and downregulation of inhibitors of angiogenesis.<ref name="PapafragkakisMoehlen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Papafragkakis|first1=Haris|last2=Moehlen|first2=Martin|last3=Garcia-Buitrago|first3=Monica T.|last4=Madrazo|first4=Beatrice|last5=Island|first5=Eddie|last6=Martin|first6=Paul|title=A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma|journal=International Journal of Hepatology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–5|issn=2090-3456|doi=10.4061/2011/942360}}</ref> Hemangioma may be associated with [[POEMS syndrome]] and [[Castleman disease]]. On gross pathology, spongy with vascular compartments of various sizes separated by fibrous tissue are findings of hemangioma.<ref name="PapafragkakisMoehlen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Papafragkakis|first1=Haris|last2=Moehlen|first2=Martin|last3=Garcia-Buitrago|first3=Monica T.|last4=Madrazo|first4=Beatrice|last5=Island|first5=Eddie|last6=Martin|first6=Paul|title=A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma|journal=International Journal of Hepatology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–5|issn=2090-3456|doi=10.4061/2011/942360}}</ref> On microscopic histopathological analysis, channels lined by benign endothelium containing red blood cells are findings of hemangioma.<ref name=Librepathology>Microscopic features of hemangioma. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref> There are no established causes for hemangioma.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> Hemangioma must be differentiated from other diseases such as: Congenital hemangioma, [[Hemangioendothelioma|kaposiform hemangioendothelioma]], tufted angioma, and [[Port-wine stain|nevus flammeus]], and [[pyogenic granuloma]].<ref name="CallahanYoon2012">{{cite journal|last1=Callahan|first1=Alison B.|last2=Yoon|first2=Michael K.|title=Infantile hemangiomas: A review|journal=Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=26|issue=3|year=2012|pages=283–291|issn=13194534|doi=10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.05.004}}</ref> The prevalence of infantile hemangioma is estimated to be upto 10% in general population.<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> Hemangioma commonly affects infants.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> Females are more commonly affected with hemangioma than males.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> Common risk factors in the development of hemangioma are [[female]] gender, [[prematurity]], [[low birth weight]], and fair skin.<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for hemangioma.<ref name=USPSTF>Hemangioma. USPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Search?s=hemangioma</ref> If left untreated, 20% of patients with hemangioma may progress to develop [[ulceration]], [[hemorrhage]], [[infection]], and [[High output failure|high output cardiac failure]].<ref name="HassanShreef2014">{{cite journal|last1=Hassan|first1=Basheir A.|last2=Shreef|first2=Khalid S.|title=Propranolol in Treatment of Huge and Complicated Infantile Hemangiomas in Egyptian Children|journal=Dermatology Research and Practice|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–5|issn=1687-6105|doi=10.1155/2014/541810}}</ref> Common complications of hemangioma include [[ischemia]], [[necrosis]], [[ulceration]], and [[bleeding]].<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref>. Prognosis is generally good.
'''Hemangioma''' was first described by Dr. Robert Liston, a British surgeon, in 1843.<ref name=History>Liston R. Case of erectile tumour in the popliteal space.-Removal. Med Chir Trans. 1843;26:120-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116921/pdf/medcht00056-0152.pdf</ref> Hemangioma may be classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into six subtypes: Infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, spindle-cell hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma.<ref name=hemangioma>Hemangioma. Dr Tim Luijkx and Dr Donna D'Souza et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref><ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> Development of hemangioma is the result of genetic mutations, overexpression of angiogenic fators and downregulation of inhibitors of angiogenesis.<ref name="PapafragkakisMoehlen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Papafragkakis|first1=Haris|last2=Moehlen|first2=Martin|last3=Garcia-Buitrago|first3=Monica T.|last4=Madrazo|first4=Beatrice|last5=Island|first5=Eddie|last6=Martin|first6=Paul|title=A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma|journal=International Journal of Hepatology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–5|issn=2090-3456|doi=10.4061/2011/942360}}</ref> Hemangioma may be associated with [[POEMS syndrome]] and [[Castleman disease]]. On gross pathology, spongy with vascular compartments of various sizes separated by fibrous tissue are findings of hemangioma.<ref name="PapafragkakisMoehlen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Papafragkakis|first1=Haris|last2=Moehlen|first2=Martin|last3=Garcia-Buitrago|first3=Monica T.|last4=Madrazo|first4=Beatrice|last5=Island|first5=Eddie|last6=Martin|first6=Paul|title=A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma|journal=International Journal of Hepatology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–5|issn=2090-3456|doi=10.4061/2011/942360}}</ref> On microscopic histopathological analysis, channels lined by benign endothelium containing red blood cells are findings of hemangioma.<ref name=Librepathology>Microscopic features of hemangioma. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref> There are no established causes for hemangioma.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> Hemangioma must be differentiated from other diseases such as: Congenital hemangioma, [[Hemangioendothelioma|kaposiform hemangioendothelioma]], tufted angioma, and [[Port-wine stain|nevus flammeus]], and [[pyogenic granuloma]].<ref name="CallahanYoon2012">{{cite journal|last1=Callahan|first1=Alison B.|last2=Yoon|first2=Michael K.|title=Infantile hemangiomas: A review|journal=Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=26|issue=3|year=2012|pages=283–291|issn=13194534|doi=10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.05.004}}</ref> The prevalence of infantile hemangioma is estimated to be upto 10% in general population.<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> Hemangioma commonly affects infants.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> Females are more commonly affected with hemangioma than males.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> Common risk factors in the development of hemangioma are [[female]] gender, [[prematurity]], [[low birth weight]], and fair skin.<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for hemangioma.<ref name=USPSTF>Hemangioma. USPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Search?s=hemangioma</ref> If left untreated, 20% of patients with hemangioma may progress to develop [[ulceration]], [[hemorrhage]], [[infection]], and [[High output failure|high output cardiac failure]].<ref name="HassanShreef2014">{{cite journal|last1=Hassan|first1=Basheir A.|last2=Shreef|first2=Khalid S.|title=Propranolol in Treatment of Huge and Complicated Infantile Hemangiomas in Egyptian Children|journal=Dermatology Research and Practice|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–5|issn=1687-6105|doi=10.1155/2014/541810}}</ref> Common complications of hemangioma include [[ischemia]], [[necrosis]], [[ulceration]], and [[bleeding]].<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref>. Prognosis is generally good.Physical examination findings of superficial hemangioma include well-demarcated, flat, erythematous red patches.<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref>
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
Hemangioma was first described by Dr. Robert Liston, a British surgeon, in 1843.<ref name=History>Liston R. Case of erectile tumour in the popliteal space.-Removal. Med Chir Trans. 1843;26:120-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116921/pdf/medcht00056-0152.pdf</ref>
Hemangioma was first described by Dr. Robert Liston, a British surgeon, in 1843.<ref name=History>Liston R. Case of erectile tumour in the popliteal space.-Removal. Med Chir Trans. 1843;26:120-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116921/pdf/medcht00056-0152.pdf</ref>
Line 26: Line 25:
===History and symptoms===
===History and symptoms===
===Physical Examination===
===Physical Examination===
Physical examination findings of superficial hemangioma include well-demarcated, flat, erythematous red patches.<ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref>
===Laboratory Findings===
===Laboratory Findings===
===CT===
===CT===

Revision as of 20:49, 17 November 2015

Hemangioma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hemangioma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hemangioma overview On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemangioma overview

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hemangioma overview

CDC on Hemangioma overview

Hemangioma overview in the news

Blogs on Hemangioma overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hemangioma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hemangioma overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Hemangioma was first described by Dr. Robert Liston, a British surgeon, in 1843.[1] Hemangioma may be classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into six subtypes: Infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, spindle-cell hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma.[2][3] Development of hemangioma is the result of genetic mutations, overexpression of angiogenic fators and downregulation of inhibitors of angiogenesis.[4] Hemangioma may be associated with POEMS syndrome and Castleman disease. On gross pathology, spongy with vascular compartments of various sizes separated by fibrous tissue are findings of hemangioma.[4] On microscopic histopathological analysis, channels lined by benign endothelium containing red blood cells are findings of hemangioma.[5] There are no established causes for hemangioma.[6] Hemangioma must be differentiated from other diseases such as: Congenital hemangioma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, tufted angioma, and nevus flammeus, and pyogenic granuloma.[7] The prevalence of infantile hemangioma is estimated to be upto 10% in general population.[3] Hemangioma commonly affects infants.[6] Females are more commonly affected with hemangioma than males.[6] Common risk factors in the development of hemangioma are female gender, prematurity, low birth weight, and fair skin.[3] According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for hemangioma.[8] If left untreated, 20% of patients with hemangioma may progress to develop ulceration, hemorrhage, infection, and high output cardiac failure.[9] Common complications of hemangioma include ischemia, necrosis, ulceration, and bleeding.[3]. Prognosis is generally good.Physical examination findings of superficial hemangioma include well-demarcated, flat, erythematous red patches.[3]

Historical Perspective

Hemangioma was first described by Dr. Robert Liston, a British surgeon, in 1843.[1]

Classification

Hemangioma may be classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into six subtypes: Infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, spindle-cell hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma.[2][3]

Pathophysiology

Development of hemangioma is the result of genetic mutations, overexpression of angiogenic fators and downregulation of inhibitors of angiogenesis.[4] Hemangioma may be associated with POEMS syndrome and Castleman disease. On gross pathology, spongy with vascular compartments of various sizes separated by fibrous tissue are findings of hemangioma.[4] On microscopic histopathological analysis, channels lined by benign endothelium containing red blood cells are findings of hemangioma.[5]

Causes

There are no established causes for hemangioma.[6]

Differentiating Hemangioma from other Diseases

Hemangioma must be differentiated from other diseases such as: Congenital hemangioma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, tufted angioma, and nevus flammeus, and pyogenic granuloma.[7]

Epidemiology and Demographics

The prevalence of infantile hemangioma is estimated to be upto 10% in general population.[3] Hemangioma commonly affects infants.[6] Females are more commonly affected with hemangioma than males.[6]

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of hemangioma are female gender, prematurity, low birth weight, and fair skin.[3]

Screening

According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for hemangioma.[8]

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

If left untreated, 20% of patients with hemangioma may progress to develop ulceration, hemorrhage, infection, and high output cardiac failure.[9] Common complications of hemangioma include ischemia, necrosis, ulceration, and bleeding.[3]. Prognosis is generally good.

Diagnosis

History and symptoms

Physical Examination

Physical examination findings of superficial hemangioma include well-demarcated, flat, erythematous red patches.[3]

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Liston R. Case of erectile tumour in the popliteal space.-Removal. Med Chir Trans. 1843;26:120-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116921/pdf/medcht00056-0152.pdf
  2. 2.0 2.1 Hemangioma. Dr Tim Luijkx and Dr Donna D'Souza et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Richter, Gresham T.; Friedman, Adva B. (2012). "Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management". International Journal of Pediatrics. 2012: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2012/645678. ISSN 1687-9740.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Papafragkakis, Haris; Moehlen, Martin; Garcia-Buitrago, Monica T.; Madrazo, Beatrice; Island, Eddie; Martin, Paul (2011). "A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma". International Journal of Hepatology. 2011: 1–5. doi:10.4061/2011/942360. ISSN 2090-3456.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Microscopic features of hemangioma. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#
  7. 7.0 7.1 Callahan, Alison B.; Yoon, Michael K. (2012). "Infantile hemangiomas: A review". Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 26 (3): 283–291. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.05.004. ISSN 1319-4534.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Hemangioma. USPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Search?s=hemangioma
  9. 9.0 9.1 Hassan, Basheir A.; Shreef, Khalid S. (2014). "Propranolol in Treatment of Huge and Complicated Infantile Hemangiomas in Egyptian Children". Dermatology Research and Practice. 2014: 1–5. doi:10.1155/2014/541810. ISSN 1687-6105.

Template:WH Template:WS