Hairy cell leukemia laboratory tests

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[3]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia include abnormal complete blood count, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. The presence of hairy cells with thread-like cytoplasmic extensions on blood smear is a key diagnostic feature among patients with hairy cell leukemia.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia include:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Complete Blood Count

Anemia - Decreased hemoglobin concentration^[6]
Thrombocytopenia - Decreased platelets count
Decreased WBC count
Neutropenia
Elevated BUN (Blood urea nitrogen)
Abnormal liver function tests
Hypergammaglobulinemia may be positive in small percentage of patients with hairy cell leukemia
Leukocytosis
Monocytopenia

Blood Smear

Hairy cells with thread-like cytoplasmic extensions^[7]^[8]
Positive TRAP stain^[9]

Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry

On immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, characteristic findings of hairy cell leukemia include:^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]
- Annexin A1 +ve
- VE1+ve(a BRAFV600E stain)^[14]^[15]^[16]
- T-bet+ve
- CD20 +ve
- CD25 +ve
- CD103 +ve
- CD123 +ve
- CD19 +ve
- CD11c +ve
- FMC7 +ve

References

↑ Grever, Michael R.; Abdel-Wahab, Omar; Andritsos, Leslie A.; Banerji, Versha; Barrientos, Jacqueline; Blachly, James S.; Call, Timothy G.; Catovsky, Daniel; Dearden, Claire; Demeter, Judit; Else, Monica; Forconi, Francesco; Gozzetti, Alessandro; Ho, Anthony D.; Johnston, James B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Juliusson, Gunnar; Kraut, Eric; Kreitman, Robert J.; Larratt, Loree; Lauria, Francesco; Lozanski, Gerard; Montserrat, Emili; Parikh, Sameer A.; Park, Jae H.; Polliack, Aaron; Quest, Graeme R.; Rai, Kanti R.; Ravandi, Farhad; Robak, Tadeusz; Saven, Alan; Seymour, John F.; Tadmor, Tamar; Tallman, Martin S.; Tam, Constantine; Tiacci, Enrico; Troussard, Xavier; Zent, Clive S.; Zenz, Thorsten; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Falini, Brunangelo (2017). "Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia". Blood. 129 (5): 553–560. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-689422. ISSN 0006-4971.
↑ Frassoldati A, Lamparelli T, Federico M, Annino L, Capnist G, Pagnucco G, Dini E, Resegotti L, Damasio EE, Silingardi V (April 1994). "Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 725 cases of the Italian Cooperative Group (ICGHCL). Italian Cooperative Group for Hairy Cell Leukemia". Leuk. Lymphoma. 13 (3–4): 307–16. doi:10.3109/10428199409056295. PMID 7519510.
↑ Golomb HM, Catovsky D, Golde DW (November 1978). "Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 71 cases". Ann. Intern. Med. 89 (5 Pt 1): 677–83. PMID 717940.
↑ Kraut E (June 2011). "Infectious complications in hairy cell leukemia". Leuk. Lymphoma. 52 Suppl 2: 50–2. doi:10.3109/10428194.2011.570819. PMID 21504285.
↑ Westbrook CA, Groopman JE, Golde DW (August 1984). "Hairy cell leukemia. Disease pattern and prognosis". Cancer. 54 (3): 500–6. PMID 6733679.
↑ Somasundaram V, Purohit A, Aggarwal M, Manivannan P, Mishra P, Seth T, Tyagi S, Mahapatra M, Pati HP, Saxena R (2014). "Hairy cell leukemia: A decade long experience of North Indian Hematology Center". Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 35 (4): 271–5. doi:10.4103/0971-5851.144988. PMC 4264273. PMID 25538404.
↑ Grever, Michael R.; Abdel-Wahab, Omar; Andritsos, Leslie A.; Banerji, Versha; Barrientos, Jacqueline; Blachly, James S.; Call, Timothy G.; Catovsky, Daniel; Dearden, Claire; Demeter, Judit; Else, Monica; Forconi, Francesco; Gozzetti, Alessandro; Ho, Anthony D.; Johnston, James B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Juliusson, Gunnar; Kraut, Eric; Kreitman, Robert J.; Larratt, Loree; Lauria, Francesco; Lozanski, Gerard; Montserrat, Emili; Parikh, Sameer A.; Park, Jae H.; Polliack, Aaron; Quest, Graeme R.; Rai, Kanti R.; Ravandi, Farhad; Robak, Tadeusz; Saven, Alan; Seymour, John F.; Tadmor, Tamar; Tallman, Martin S.; Tam, Constantine; Tiacci, Enrico; Troussard, Xavier; Zent, Clive S.; Zenz, Thorsten; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Falini, Brunangelo (2017). "Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia". Blood. 129 (5): 553–560. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-689422. ISSN 0006-4971.
↑ Golomb HM (August 1978). "Hairy cell leukemia: an unusual lymphoproliferative disease: a study of 24 patients". Cancer. 42 (2 Suppl): 946–56. PMID 356959.
↑ Bernadou A, Pelletier G, Cadiou M, Giannoni F, James JM, Bilski-Pasquier G (1981). "[Hairy cell leukemia. I.--Clinical, biological and evolutive study on twenty-eight cases (author's transl)]". Sem Hop (in French). 57 (33–36): 1361–5. PMID 6270794.
↑ Sherman, Michael J.; Hanson, Curtis A.; Hoyer, James D. (2011). "An Assessment of the Usefulness of Immunohistochemical Stains in the Diagnosis of Hairy Cell Leukemia". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 136 (3): 390–399. doi:10.1309/AJCP5GE1PSBMBZTW. ISSN 1943-7722.
↑ Grever, Michael R.; Abdel-Wahab, Omar; Andritsos, Leslie A.; Banerji, Versha; Barrientos, Jacqueline; Blachly, James S.; Call, Timothy G.; Catovsky, Daniel; Dearden, Claire; Demeter, Judit; Else, Monica; Forconi, Francesco; Gozzetti, Alessandro; Ho, Anthony D.; Johnston, James B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Juliusson, Gunnar; Kraut, Eric; Kreitman, Robert J.; Larratt, Loree; Lauria, Francesco; Lozanski, Gerard; Montserrat, Emili; Parikh, Sameer A.; Park, Jae H.; Polliack, Aaron; Quest, Graeme R.; Rai, Kanti R.; Ravandi, Farhad; Robak, Tadeusz; Saven, Alan; Seymour, John F.; Tadmor, Tamar; Tallman, Martin S.; Tam, Constantine; Tiacci, Enrico; Troussard, Xavier; Zent, Clive S.; Zenz, Thorsten; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Falini, Brunangelo (2017). "Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia". Blood. 129 (5): 553–560. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-689422. ISSN 0006-4971.
↑ Venkataraman, Girish; Aguhar, Christine; Kreitman, Robert J.; Yuan, Constance M.; Stetler-Stevenson, Maryalice (2011). "Characteristic CD103 and CD123 Expression Pattern Defines Hairy Cell Leukemia". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 136 (4): 625–630. doi:10.1309/AJCPKUM9J4IXCWEU. ISSN 1943-7722.
↑ Falini B, Tiacci E, Liso A, Basso K, Sabattini E, Pacini R, Foa R, Pulsoni A, Dalla Favera R, Pileri S (June 2004). "Simple diagnostic assay for hairy cell leukaemia by immunocytochemical detection of annexin A1 (ANXA1)". Lancet. 363 (9424): 1869–70. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16356-3. PMID 15183626.
↑ Uppal, Guldeep; Ly, Vandi; Wang, Zi-Xuan; Bajaj, Renu; Solomides, Charalambos C.; Banks, Peter M.; Medeiros, L. Jeffrey; Peiper, Stephen C.; Gong, Jerald Z. (2015). "The Utility of BRAF V600E Mutation-Specific Antibody VE1 for the Diagnosis of Hairy Cell Leukemia". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 143 (1): 120–125. doi:10.1309/AJCPQLQ89VXTVWKN. ISSN 1943-7722.
↑ Andrulis M, Penzel R, Weichert W, von Deimling A, Capper D (December 2012). "Application of a BRAF V600E mutation-specific antibody for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 36 (12): 1796–800. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182549b50. PMID 22531170.
↑ Wang XJ, Kim A, Li S (2014). "Immunohistochemical analysis using a BRAF V600E mutation specific antibody is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia". Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7 (7): 4323–8. PMC 4129051. PMID 25120816.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[GreverAbdel-Wahab20174-1] Grever, Michael R.; Abdel-Wahab, Omar; Andritsos, Leslie A.; Banerji, Versha; Barrientos, Jacqueline; Blachly, James S.; Call, Timothy G.; Catovsky, Daniel; Dearden, Claire; Demeter, Judit; Else, Monica; Forconi, Francesco; Gozzetti, Alessandro; Ho, Anthony D.; Johnston, James B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Juliusson, Gunnar; Kraut, Eric; Kreitman, Robert J.; Larratt, Loree; Lauria, Francesco; Lozanski, Gerard; Montserrat, Emili; Parikh, Sameer A.; Park, Jae H.; Polliack, Aaron; Quest, Graeme R.; Rai, Kanti R.; Ravandi, Farhad; Robak, Tadeusz; Saven, Alan; Seymour, John F.; Tadmor, Tamar; Tallman, Martin S.; Tam, Constantine; Tiacci, Enrico; Troussard, Xavier; Zent, Clive S.; Zenz, Thorsten; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Falini, Brunangelo (2017). "Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia". Blood. 129 (5): 553–560. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-689422. ISSN 0006-4971.

[pmid7519510-2] Frassoldati A, Lamparelli T, Federico M, Annino L, Capnist G, Pagnucco G, Dini E, Resegotti L, Damasio EE, Silingardi V (April 1994). "Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 725 cases of the Italian Cooperative Group (ICGHCL). Italian Cooperative Group for Hairy Cell Leukemia". Leuk. Lymphoma. 13 (3–4): 307–16. doi:10.3109/10428199409056295. PMID 7519510.

[pmid717940-3] Golomb HM, Catovsky D, Golde DW (November 1978). "Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 71 cases". Ann. Intern. Med. 89 (5 Pt 1): 677–83. PMID 717940.

[pmid21504285-4] Kraut E (June 2011). "Infectious complications in hairy cell leukemia". Leuk. Lymphoma. 52 Suppl 2: 50–2. doi:10.3109/10428194.2011.570819. PMID 21504285.

[pmid6733679-5] Westbrook CA, Groopman JE, Golde DW (August 1984). "Hairy cell leukemia. Disease pattern and prognosis". Cancer. 54 (3): 500–6. PMID 6733679.

[pub-6] Somasundaram V, Purohit A, Aggarwal M, Manivannan P, Mishra P, Seth T, Tyagi S, Mahapatra M, Pati HP, Saxena R (2014). "Hairy cell leukemia: A decade long experience of North Indian Hematology Center". Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 35 (4): 271–5. doi:10.4103/0971-5851.144988. PMC 4264273. PMID 25538404.

[GreverAbdel-Wahab20173-7] Grever, Michael R.; Abdel-Wahab, Omar; Andritsos, Leslie A.; Banerji, Versha; Barrientos, Jacqueline; Blachly, James S.; Call, Timothy G.; Catovsky, Daniel; Dearden, Claire; Demeter, Judit; Else, Monica; Forconi, Francesco; Gozzetti, Alessandro; Ho, Anthony D.; Johnston, James B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Juliusson, Gunnar; Kraut, Eric; Kreitman, Robert J.; Larratt, Loree; Lauria, Francesco; Lozanski, Gerard; Montserrat, Emili; Parikh, Sameer A.; Park, Jae H.; Polliack, Aaron; Quest, Graeme R.; Rai, Kanti R.; Ravandi, Farhad; Robak, Tadeusz; Saven, Alan; Seymour, John F.; Tadmor, Tamar; Tallman, Martin S.; Tam, Constantine; Tiacci, Enrico; Troussard, Xavier; Zent, Clive S.; Zenz, Thorsten; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Falini, Brunangelo (2017). "Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia". Blood. 129 (5): 553–560. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-689422. ISSN 0006-4971.

[pmid356959-8] Golomb HM (August 1978). "Hairy cell leukemia: an unusual lymphoproliferative disease: a study of 24 patients". Cancer. 42 (2 Suppl): 946–56. PMID 356959.

[pmid6270794-9] Bernadou A, Pelletier G, Cadiou M, Giannoni F, James JM, Bilski-Pasquier G (1981). "[Hairy cell leukemia. I.--Clinical, biological and evolutive study on twenty-eight cases (author's transl)]". Sem Hop (in French). 57 (33–36): 1361–5. PMID 6270794.

[ShermanHanson20112-10] Sherman, Michael J.; Hanson, Curtis A.; Hoyer, James D. (2011). "An Assessment of the Usefulness of Immunohistochemical Stains in the Diagnosis of Hairy Cell Leukemia". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 136 (3): 390–399. doi:10.1309/AJCP5GE1PSBMBZTW. ISSN 1943-7722.

[GreverAbdel-Wahab20172-11] Grever, Michael R.; Abdel-Wahab, Omar; Andritsos, Leslie A.; Banerji, Versha; Barrientos, Jacqueline; Blachly, James S.; Call, Timothy G.; Catovsky, Daniel; Dearden, Claire; Demeter, Judit; Else, Monica; Forconi, Francesco; Gozzetti, Alessandro; Ho, Anthony D.; Johnston, James B.; Jones, Jeffrey; Juliusson, Gunnar; Kraut, Eric; Kreitman, Robert J.; Larratt, Loree; Lauria, Francesco; Lozanski, Gerard; Montserrat, Emili; Parikh, Sameer A.; Park, Jae H.; Polliack, Aaron; Quest, Graeme R.; Rai, Kanti R.; Ravandi, Farhad; Robak, Tadeusz; Saven, Alan; Seymour, John F.; Tadmor, Tamar; Tallman, Martin S.; Tam, Constantine; Tiacci, Enrico; Troussard, Xavier; Zent, Clive S.; Zenz, Thorsten; Zinzani, Pier Luigi; Falini, Brunangelo (2017). "Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia". Blood. 129 (5): 553–560. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-689422. ISSN 0006-4971.

[VenkataramanAguhar2011-12] Venkataraman, Girish; Aguhar, Christine; Kreitman, Robert J.; Yuan, Constance M.; Stetler-Stevenson, Maryalice (2011). "Characteristic CD103 and CD123 Expression Pattern Defines Hairy Cell Leukemia". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 136 (4): 625–630. doi:10.1309/AJCPKUM9J4IXCWEU. ISSN 1943-7722.

[pmid15183626-13] Falini B, Tiacci E, Liso A, Basso K, Sabattini E, Pacini R, Foa R, Pulsoni A, Dalla Favera R, Pileri S (June 2004). "Simple diagnostic assay for hairy cell leukaemia by immunocytochemical detection of annexin A1 (ANXA1)". Lancet. 363 (9424): 1869–70. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16356-3. PMID 15183626.

[UppalLy2015-14] Uppal, Guldeep; Ly, Vandi; Wang, Zi-Xuan; Bajaj, Renu; Solomides, Charalambos C.; Banks, Peter M.; Medeiros, L. Jeffrey; Peiper, Stephen C.; Gong, Jerald Z. (2015). "The Utility of BRAF V600E Mutation-Specific Antibody VE1 for the Diagnosis of Hairy Cell Leukemia". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 143 (1): 120–125. doi:10.1309/AJCPQLQ89VXTVWKN. ISSN 1943-7722.

[pmid22531170-15] Andrulis M, Penzel R, Weichert W, von Deimling A, Capper D (December 2012). "Application of a BRAF V600E mutation-specific antibody for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 36 (12): 1796–800. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182549b50. PMID 22531170.

[pmid25120816-16] Wang XJ, Kim A, Li S (2014). "Immunohistochemical analysis using a BRAF V600E mutation specific antibody is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia". Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7 (7): 4323–8. PMC 4129051. PMID 25120816.

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