HIV AIDS epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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===Age===
===Age===
The AIDS pandemic can also be seen as several epidemics of separate subtypes; the major factors in its spread are sexual transmission and vertical transmission from mother to child at birth and through breast milk.<ref name=Kallings/> Despite recent, improved access to antiretroviral treatment and care in many regions of the world, the AIDS pandemic claimed an estimated 2.1&nbsp;million (range 1.9–2.4&nbsp;million) lives in 2007 of which an estimated 330,000 were children under 15&nbsp;years. <ref name=UNAIDS2007>{{
Globally, an estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV. An estimated 400,000 children are infected yearly.<ref name=UNAIDS2007/>
 
<ref name=UNAIDS2007>{{
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| author =[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]]
| author =[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]]
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Globally, an estimated 33.2&nbsp;million people lived with HIV in 2007, including 2.5&nbsp;million children. An estimated 2.5 million (range 1.8–4.1&nbsp;million) people were newly infected in 2007, including 420,000 children.<ref name=UNAIDS2007/>


In 2011, the estimated number of AIDS diagnoses in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by distribution of ages at time of diagnosis, was as follows.
 
The following table demonstrates the estimated number of AIDS diagnoses in the United States in 2011 distributed by age at time of diagnosis:
 
[[File:Estimated number of AIDS diagnosis according to age.png|thumb|center|500px| <SMALL><SMALL> ''[(http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/index.html)]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |  url =http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/index.html }}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]]
[[File:Estimated number of AIDS diagnosis according to age.png|thumb|center|500px| <SMALL><SMALL> ''[(http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/index.html)]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |  url =http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/index.html }}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]]



Revision as of 16:09, 30 October 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

HIV is now a pandemic. In 2007, an estimated 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and it claimed the lives of an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children. Over three-fourths of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, retarding economic growth and destroying human capital. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.[1]

HIV/AIDS stigma is more severe than that associated with some other life-threatening conditions and extends beyond the disease itself to providers and even volunteers involved with the care of people living with HIV.[2]

In 2010, an estimated 34 million people were living with HIV, of whom more than 30 million were living in low- and middle-income countries.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

In 2005, approximately 5 million people were newly infected with HIV and approximately 3 million people with AIDS died, an increase from 2004 and the highest number since 1981 (UNAIDS, 2005). In 2013, approximately 6000 new individuals were infected with HIV every day . [3]

  • About 700 were in children under 15 years of age.
  • 68% of those were in Sub Saharan Africa.
  • About 5200 were adults ages 15 years or older of whom:
  • About 33% were among young people (15-24)
  • Almost 47% were among women
[(http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/)][3]

Prevalence

UNAIDS and the WHO estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history.

[(http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/)][3]


In 2013, the prevalence estimates were as follows:

  • Total = 35 million
  • Adults = 31.8 million
  • Women = 16 million
  • Children (<15 years) = 3.2 million
[(http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/)][3]

Age

Globally, an estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV. An estimated 400,000 children are infected yearly.[4]

[4]


The following table demonstrates the estimated number of AIDS diagnoses in the United States in 2011 distributed by age at time of diagnosis:

[(http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/index.html)][5]

Gender

According to the statistics, males are more commonly affected than females.

[(http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_surveillance_Epi-HIV-infection.pdf)][5]

Transmission

A pie chart representation of distribution of AIDS in different ethnicities are mentioned according to the statistical report of CDC in 2011.

[(http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_surveillance_Epi-HIV-infection.pdf)][5]

Race/Ethinicity

A pie chart representation of various forms of trasmission of AIDS are mentioned according to the statistical report of CDC in 2011.

[(http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_surveillance_Epi-HIV-infection.pdf)][5]

Developing Countries

Sub-Saharan Africa remains by far the worst affected region, with an estimated 23.8 to 28.9 million people currently living with HIV. More than 60% of all people living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa, as are more than three quarters (76%) of all women living with HIV.

In 2007 it contained an estimated 68% of all people living with AIDS and 76% of all AIDS deaths, with 1.7 million new infections bringing the number of people living with HIV to 22.5 million, and with 11.4 million AIDS orphans living in the region. Unlike other regions, most people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 (61%) were women. Adult prevalence in 2007 was an estimated 5.0%, and AIDS continued to be the single largest cause of mortality in this region.[4] South Africa has the largest population of HIV patients in the world, followed by Nigeria and India.[6] South & South East Asia are second worst affected; in 2007 this region contained an estimated 18% of all people living with AIDS, and an estimated 300,000 deaths from AIDS.[4] India has an estimated 2.5 million infections and an estimated adult prevalence of 0.36%.[4] Life expectancy has fallen dramatically in the worst-affected countries; for example, in 2006 it was estimated that it had dropped from 65 to 35 years in Botswana.[7]

The latest evaluation report of the World Bank's Operations Evaluation Department assesses the development effectiveness of the World Bank's country-level HIV/AIDS assistance defined as policy dialogue, analytic work, and lending with the explicit objective of reducing the scope or impact of the AIDS epidemic. This is the first comprehensive evaluation of the World Bank's HIV/AIDS support to countries, from the beginning of the epidemic through mid-2004. Because the Bank's assistance is for implementation of government programs by government, it provides important insights on how national AIDS programs can be made more effective.

Mortality

According to the WHO statistics of 2013 The total number of death in 2013 is as follows

  • Total = 1.5 million
  • Adults = 1.3 million
  • Children (>15 years) = 1,90,000

Treatment

People receiving anti retroviral therapy in actual and projected figures are plotted in a graph and depicted below according to WHO statistics from 2003- 2015.

[(http://www.who.int/hiv/data/art_2003_2015.png?ua=1)][3]


References

  1. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC; et al. (1998). "Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (13): 853&ndash, 860. PMID 9516219.
  2. Snyder M, Omoto AM, Crain AL (1999). "Punished for their good deeds: stigmatization for AIDS volunteers". American Behavioral Scientist. 42 (7): 1175&ndash, 1192. doi:10.1177/0002764299042007009.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "WHO 2013 statistics".
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 UNAIDS, WHO (December 2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-03-12.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention".
  6. McNeil DG Jr (2007-11-20). "U.N. agency to say it overstated extent of H.I.V. cases by millions". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
  7. Kallings LO (2008). "The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS". J Intern Med. 263 (3): 218–43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x. PMID 18205765.

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