Growth hormone deficiency history and symptoms

Growth hormone deficiency Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

History and Symptoms

Common symptoms of growth hormone deficiency include:

Neonatal symptoms 31 28

• Higher frequency of perinatal asphyxia
• Neonatal morbidity may include hypoglycemia and prolonged jaundice especially if combined with adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency.
• Cryptorchidism and hypoplasia of the scrotum
• Growth failure can occur during the first months of life but may not be obvious until 6 to 12 months of age.
• Bone age and height age are delayed but similar to each other.

Childhood symptoms

• The single most important clinical manifestation of GHD is growth failure.
• The growth failure may not be manifested until late infancy.

• Children with acquired GHD present with infantile or doll-like fat distribution pattern, immature face with underdeveloped nasal bridge and frontal bossing. The voice is infantile, and hair growth is sparse and thin.
• Delayed muscular development, so that gross motor milestones such as standing, walking, and jumping may be delayed. 

Adult symptoms

• Patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency have more severe clinical manifestations than those who develop it as adults [6].
• Lean body mass is increased in adults who are deficient in GH and not replaced compared with those who have normal GH secretion [7-10].
• Fractures of the lumbar spine is somewhat lower in patients with adult-onset GH deficiency
• The degree of osteopenia appears to correlate directly with the degree of GH deficiency 11
• Less energetic than normal people of the same age [14-16]

Cardiovascular risk factors 

• Dyslipidemia [17-19]
• Increased inflammatory markers [20]
• Increase in biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction [21]
• High coronary calcium scores (a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis) [22