Glycogen storage disease type II pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Glycogen storage disease type 2 (GSD type 2) results due to deficiency of lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA).[1]
- GSD type 2 is the most severe type of GSD leading to death in earlier stages of life.
- Deficiency of GAA leads to accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes of various tissues, most commonly in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells.[2]
- There is a progressive accumulation of glycogen and its substrates in tissues leading to debilitation, organ failure and finally death.[3]
- There are a range of severity and varies with:
- Age of onset
- Organ involvement including degree and severity of muscular involvement (skeletal, respiratory, cardiac)
- Rate of progression
Genetics
- GSD type 2 follows an autosomal recessive pattern.[4]
- Gene mutation responsible for lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency in GSD type 2 and is located on chromosome locus 17q25.2-q25.3.
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of glycogen storage disease type 2 include:[5]
- Muscle
- Light microscopy
- PAS-positive (diastase sensitive) vacuoles
- Electron microscopy
- Membrane bound glycogen
- Light microscopy
- Muscle
References
- ↑ HERS HG (1963). "alpha-Glucosidase deficiency in generalized glycogenstorage disease (Pompe's disease)". Biochem J. 86: 11–6. PMC 1201703. PMID 13954110.
- ↑ Kishnani PS, Howell RR (2004). "Pompe disease in infants and children". J Pediatr. 144 (5 Suppl): S35–43. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.01.053. PMID 15126982.
- ↑ ACMG Work Group on Management of Pompe Disease. Kishnani PS, Steiner RD, Bali D, Berger K, Byrne BJ; et al. (2006). "Pompe disease diagnosis and management guideline". Genet Med. 8 (5): 267–88. doi:10.109701.gim.0000218152.87434.f3 Check
|doi=value (help). PMC 3110959. PMID 16702877. - ↑ Martiniuk F, Mehler M, Tzall S, Meredith G, Hirschhorn R (1990). "Sequence of the cDNA and 5'-flanking region for human acid alpha-glucosidase, detection of an intron in the 5' untranslated leader sequence, definition of 18-bp polymorphisms, and differences with previous cDNA and amino acid sequences". DNA Cell Biol. 9 (2): 85–94. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.85. PMID 2111708.
- ↑ Winkel LP, Hagemans ML, van Doorn PA, Loonen MC, Hop WJ, Reuser AJ; et al. (2005). "The natural course of non-classic Pompe's disease; a review of 225 published cases". J Neurol. 252 (8): 875–84. doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0922-9. PMID 16133732.