View source for Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2

{{Infobox_gene}}

'''Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the GPT2 [[gene]].
<ref name="entrez">
{{cite web
| title = Entrez Gene: Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/84706
| accessdate = 2018-05-07
}}</ref>

==Function==

This gene encodes a mitochondrial alanine transaminase, a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Alanine transaminases play roles in gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism in many tissues including skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver. Activating transcription factor 4 upregulates this gene under metabolic stress conditions in hepatocyte cell lines. A loss of function mutation in this gene has been associated with developmental encephalopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015].

== References ==

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== Further reading ==

{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang RZ, Blaileanu G, Hansen BC, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW |title=cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase |journal=Genomics |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=445–50 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11863375 |doi=10.1006/geno.2002.6722 |url=}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Ding Y, Zhao L, Mei H, Huang ZH, Zhang SL |title=Alterations of biliary biochemical constituents and cytokines in infantile hepatitis syndrome |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=12 |issue=43 |pages=7038–41 |date=November 2006 |pmid=17109502 |pmc=4087351 |doi= |url=}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Fraser A, Ebrahim S, Smith GD, Lawlor DA |title=A comparison of associations of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin in women with and without diabetes |journal=Hepatology |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=158–65 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17596883 |doi=10.1002/hep.21667 |url=}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Glinghammar B, Rafter I, Lindström AK, Hedberg JJ, Andersson HB, Lindblom P, Berg AL, Cotgreave I |title=Detection of the mitochondrial and catalytically active alanine aminotransferase in human tissues and plasma |journal=Int. J. Mol. Med. |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=621–31 |date=May 2009 |pmid=19360321 |doi= |url=}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Hendrickson SL, Lautenberger JA, Chinn LW, Malasky M, Sezgin E, Kingsley LA, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, Gomperts ED, Buchbinder SP, Troyer JL, O'Brien SJ |title=Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=e12862 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20877624 |pmc=2943476 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0012862 |url=}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Salgado MC, Metón I, Anemaet IG, Baanante IV |title=Activating transcription factor 4 mediates up-regulation of alanine aminotransferase 2 gene expression under metabolic stress |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1839 |issue=4 |pages=288–96 |date=2014 |pmid=24418603 |doi=10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.01.005 |url=}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Celis K, Shuldiner S, Haverfield EV, Cappell J, Yang R, Gong DW, Chung WK |title=Loss of function mutation in glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) causes developmental encephalopathy |journal=J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=941–8 |date=September 2015 |pmid=25758935 |pmc=4919120 |doi=10.1007/s10545-015-9824-x |url=}}

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