Galactosemia: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Galactosemia}}
{{Galactosemia}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{DD}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{DD}}
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==[[Galactosemia overview|Overview]]==
==[[Galactosemia overview|Overview]]==
==[[Galactosemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Galactosemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==[[Galactosemia classification|Classification]]==
==[[Galactosemia classification|Classification]]==


Galactosemia is an inherited rare autosomal recessive trait that leads to the build up of galactose in the blood. The word galactosemia means too much galactose, which is a simple sugar obtained after lactose, the sugar found in dairy products, is broken down by enzymes found in the body into galactose and glucose.
==[[Galactosemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Galactose is converted into glucose by the action of three enzymes, known as the Leloir pathway. Accordingly, there are 3 known types of Galactosemia; type 1, 2 and 3:
==[[Galactosemia causes|Causes]]==
   
 
'''Types Of Galactosemia'''
 
Galactosemia Type 1
 
Galactosemia type 1, also called classic galactosemia is the most common form of the disorder and the first form to be discovered. Individuals diagnosed with classic galactosemia have the genetic makeup G/G, which indicates that they have inherited the galactosemia gene from each parent. They have defects in both copies of the gene that codes for the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase or GALT. Duarte galactosemia is a variant of the classic galactosemia. Individuals with the genetic makeup D/G have one gene for classic galactosemia from one parent, G, and one Duarte gene variant from the other parent. Individuals with Duarte galactosemia will be able to metabolise some galactose as GALT activity in Duarte Galactosemia patients is approximately 20% to 50 %. Patients with Duarte Galactosemia have less severe symptoms than other forms of the disorder.
 
Galactosemia Type 2


Galactosemia type 2 is less common than classic galactosemia and is less harmful. It does not generally lead to hepatomegaly or brain damage. It is caused by the defect in both copies of the gene that codes for the enzyme galactokinase or GALK.
==[[Differentiating Galactosemia from other diseases|Differentiating Galactosemia from other Diseases]]==
 
Galactosemia type 3
 
Galactosemia type 3 is a very rare form of the disorder. There are two forms of Galactosemia type 3, a severe form and a benign form. This type of galactosemia is caused by defects in the gene that codes for the enzyme uridyldiphosphogalactose-4-epimerase or GALE.
 
==[[Galactosemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Galactosemia causes|Causes]]==
==[[Galactosemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Galactosemia from other Diseases]]==


==[[Galactosemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Galactosemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Galactosemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Galactosemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Galactosemia screening|Screening]] ==
 
==[[Galactosemia screening|Screening]]==  


==[[Galactosemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[Galactosemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Galactosemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Galactosemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Galactosemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Galactosemia CT|CT]] | [[Galactosemia MRI|MRI]] | [[Galactosemia echocardiography or ultrasound|Ultrasound ]] | [[Galactosemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Galactosemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
[[Galactosemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Galactosemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Galactosemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Galactosemia electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hashiomoto's thyroiditis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Galactosemia CT|CT]] | [[Galactosemia MRI|MRI]] | [[Galactosemia echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Galactosemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Galactosemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Galactosemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Galactosemia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Galactosemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Galactosemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]
 
[[Galactosemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Galactosemia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Galactosemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Galactosemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Galactosemia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Galactosemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==
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Revision as of 13:42, 26 July 2016

For patient information click here

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dayana Davidis, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Classic galactosemia, galactokinase deficiency

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Galactosemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

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Case #1

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