View source for GSTM3

{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Glutathione S-transferase M3 (brain)''', also known as '''GSTM3''', is an [[enzyme]] which in humans is encoded by the ''GSTM3'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GSTM3 glutathione S-transferase M3 (brain)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2947| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="pmid2345169">{{cite journal |vauthors=Campbell E, Takahashi Y, Abramovitz M, Peretz M, Listowsky I | title = A distinct human testis and brain mu-class glutathione S-transferase. Molecular cloning and characterization of a form present even in individuals lacking hepatic type mu isoenzymes | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 265 | issue = 16 | pages = 9188–93 |date=June 1990 | pmid = 2345169 | doi = | url = http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/265/16/9188 | issn = }}</ref>

== Function ==

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of [[glutathione S-transferase]] are encoded by two distinct [[supergene|supergene families]]. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta, and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including some carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with [[glutathione]]. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly [[Polymorphism (biology)#Genetic polymorphism|polymorphic]]. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with a slight increase in a number of cancers, likely due to exposure with environmental toxins.<ref name="entrez" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bogaards JJ, van Ommen B, van Bladeren PJ |title=Purification and characterization of eight glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes of hamster. Comparison of subunit composition of enzymes from liver, kidney, testis, pancreas and trachea.  | series=286 |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=( Pt 2) |issue=  |pages= 383–8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1530570 |doi=  | pmc=1132909  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Campbell E, Takahashi Y, Abramovitz M, etal |title=A distinct human testis and brain mu-class glutathione S-transferase. Molecular cloning and characterization of a form present even in individuals lacking hepatic type mu isoenzymes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 16 |pages= 9188–93 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2345169 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hussey AJ, Hayes JD |title=Human Mu-class glutathione S-transferases present in liver, skeletal muscle and testicular tissue. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1203 |issue= 1 |pages= 131–41 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8218382 |doi=10.1016/0167-4838(93)90047-U  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Anttila S, Hirvonen A, Vainio H, etal |title=Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione S-transferases in human lung. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=53 |issue= 23 |pages= 5643–8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8242618 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Pearson WR, Vorachek WR, Xu SJ, etal |title=Identification of class-mu glutathione transferase genes GSTM1-GSTM5 on human chromosome 1p13. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=53 |issue= 1 |pages= 220–33 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8317488 |doi=  | pmc=1682241  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ross VL, Board PG |title=Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an alternatively spliced human Mu class glutathione S-transferase transcript.  | series=294 |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=( Pt 2) |issue=  |pages= 373–80 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8373352 |doi=  | pmc=1134464  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gough AC, Zhong S, Wolf CR, Spurr NK |title=Chromosome assignment of the human glutathione S-transferase mu 3 gene (GSTM3) to chromosome 1 by gene specific polymerase chain reaction |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=65 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 111–4 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8404061 |doi=10.1159/000133613  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Takahashi Y, Campbell EA, Hirata Y, etal |title=A basis for differentiating among the multiple human Mu-glutathione S-transferases and molecular cloning of brain GSTM5. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 12 |pages= 8893–8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8473333 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hand PA, Inskip A, Gilford J, etal |title=Allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 locus: interactions with GSTM1 and GSTT1 as risk factors for astrocytoma. |journal=Carcinogenesis |volume=17 |issue= 9 |pages= 1919–22 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8824514 |doi=10.1093/carcin/17.9.1919  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rowe JD, Nieves E, Listowsky I |title=Subunit diversity and tissue distribution of human glutathione S-transferases: interpretations based on electrospray ionization-MS and peptide sequence-specific antisera.  | series=325 |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=( Pt 2) |issue=  |pages= 481–6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9230131 |doi=  | pmc=1218585  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Macé K, Bowman ED, Vautravers P, etal |title=Characterisation of xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme expression in human bronchial mucosa and peripheral lung tissues. |journal=Eur. J. Cancer |volume=34 |issue= 6 |pages= 914–20 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9797707 |doi=10.1016/S0959-8049(98)00034-3  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Patskovsky YV, Huang MQ, Takayama T, etal |title=Distinctive structure of the human GSTM3 gene-inverted orientation relative to the mu class glutathione transferase gene cluster. |journal=Arch. Biochem. Biophys. |volume=361 |issue= 1 |pages= 85–93 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9882431 |doi= 10.1006/abbi.1998.0964 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Yang GP, Ross DT, Kuang WW, etal |title=Combining SSH and cDNA microarrays for rapid identification of differentially expressed genes. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=27 |issue= 6 |pages= 1517–23 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10037815 |doi=10.1093/nar/27.6.1517  | pmc=148347  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Patskovsky YV, Patskovska LN, Listowsky I |title=An asparagine-phenylalanine substitution accounts for catalytic differences between hGSTM3-3 and other human class mu glutathione S-transferases. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=38 |issue= 49 |pages= 16187–94 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10587441 |doi=10.1021/bi991714t  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Buch SC, Notani PN, Bhisey RA |title=Polymorphism at GSTM1, GSTM3 and GSTT1 gene loci and susceptibility to oral cancer in an Indian population. |journal=Carcinogenesis |volume=23 |issue= 5 |pages= 803–7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12016153 |doi=10.1093/carcin/23.5.803  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Medeiros R, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, etal |title=Metabolic susceptibility genes and prostate cancer risk in a southern European population: the role of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, GSTM3, and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms. |journal=Prostate |volume=58 |issue= 4 |pages= 414–20 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14968442 |doi= 10.1002/pros.10348 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Tchaikovskaya T, Fraifeld V, Urphanishvili T, etal |title=Glutathione S-transferase hGSTM3 and ageing-associated neurodegeneration: relationship to Alzheimer's disease. |journal=Mech. Ageing Dev. |volume=126 |issue= 2 |pages= 309–15 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15621212 |doi= 10.1016/j.mad.2004.08.029 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Liu X, Campbell MR, Pittman GS, etal |title=Expression-based discovery of variation in the human glutathione S-transferase M3 promoter and functional analysis in a glioma cell line using allele-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=65 |issue= 1 |pages= 99–104 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15665284 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=2947}}

<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = no
| update_citations = yes
}}


{{gene-1-stub}}