GPNMB

Glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb
Identifiers
Symbols	GPNMB ; NMB; HGFIN
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 1880
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb, also known as GPNMB, is a human gene. The mouse and rat orthologues of GPNMB are known as DC-HIL and Osteoactivin, respectively.

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which shows homology to the pMEL17 precursor, a melanocyte-specific protein. GPNMB was originally shown to be expressed in poorly metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts and not expressed in highly metastatic cell lines. However, more recent studies have identified high GPNMB expression in aggressive melanoma, glioma, and breast cancer specimens. Further, GPNMB has been shown to promote a metastatic phenotype in in vitro ad in vivo assays. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Further reading

• Weterman MA, Ajubi N, van Dinter IM; et al. (1995). "nmb, a novel gene, is expressed in low-metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts". Int. J. Cancer. 60 (1): 73–81. PMID 7814155.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• "Toward a complete human genome sequence". Genome Res. 8 (11): 1097–108. 1999. PMID 9847074.
• Ahn JH, Lee Y, Jeon C; et al. (2002). "Identification of the genes differentially expressed in human dendritic cell subsets by cDNA subtraction and microarray analysis". Blood. 100 (5): 1742–54. PMID 12176896.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bandari PS, Qian J, Yehia G; et al. (2003). "Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 type: a transmembrane protein that is similar to neurokinin 1 interacts with substance P.". Regul. Pept. 111 (1–3): 169–78. PMID 12609765.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bächner D, Schröder D, Gross G (2003). "mRNA expression of the murine glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb (Gpnmb) gene is linked to the developing retinal pigment epithelium and iris". Brain Res. Gene Expr. Patterns. 1 (3–4): 159–65. PMID 12638126.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Basrur V, Yang F, Kushimoto T; et al. (2003). "Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins". J. Proteome Res. 2 (1): 69–79. PMID 12643545.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR; et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology". Science. 300 (5620): 767–72. doi:10.1126/science.1083423. PMID 12690205.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA; et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7". Nature. 424 (6945): 157–64. doi:10.1038/nature01782. PMID 12853948.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E; et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMID 12975309.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Owen TA, Smock SL, Prakash S; et al. (2004). "Identification and characterization of the genes encoding human and mouse osteoactivin". Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 13 (2–4): 205–20. PMID 14696968.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V; et al. (2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMID 15231748.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Metz RL, Yehia G, Fernandes H; et al. (2006). "Cloning and characterization of the 5' flanking region of the HGFIN gene indicate a cooperative role among p53 and cytokine-mediated transcription factors: relevance to cell cycle regulation". Cell Cycle. 4 (2): 315–22. PMID 15684612.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Haralanova-Ilieva B, Ramadori G, Armbrust T (2005). "Expression of osteoactivin in rat and human liver and isolated rat liver cells". J. Hepatol. 42 (4): 565–72. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.12.021. PMID 15763343.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T; et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lennerz V, Fatho M, Gentilini C; et al. (2005). "The response of autologous T cells to a human melanoma is dominated by mutated neoantigens". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (44): 16013–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0500090102. PMID 16247014.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Oh JH, Yang JO, Hahn Y; et al. (2006). "Transcriptome analysis of human gastric cancer". Mamm. Genome. 16 (12): 942–54. doi:10.1007/s00335-005-0075-2. PMID 16341674.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kuan CT, Wakiya K, Dowell JM; et al. (2006). "Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B, a potential molecular therapeutic target in patients with glioblastoma multiforme". Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (7 Pt 1): 1970–82. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2797. PMID 16609006.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chi A, Valencia JC, Hu ZZ; et al. (2007). "Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes". J. Proteome Res. 5 (11): 3135–44. doi:10.1021/pr060363j. PMID 17081065.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Rose, A.A.N. (2007). "Osteoactivin Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone". Molecular Cancer Research. 5 (10): 1001. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-0119.