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'''For patient information page, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]
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{{Fibromuscular dysplasia}}


{{SI}}
'''Fo ptient information page, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' Shantanu Sinha, MD,FACC


==Overview==
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' {{M.B}}, {{MMJ}}
'''Fibromuscular dysplasia''' (FMD) is a disease that can cause [[stenosis]] of the [[renal artery stenosis|renal arteries]], [[Carotid artery |carotid arteries]], and less commonly, the arteries of the abdomen. The disease can cause [[hypertension]], [[stroke]]s, and arterial aneurysm and dissection.


In individuals with FMD, the walls of one or more arteries undergo [[dysplasia]].  Due to this abnormal cellular development, the vessels may become [[stenosis|stenosed]].  A sufficient decrease in blood flow through the artery can cause symptoms.  However, FMD is often diagnosed incidentally in the absence of any signs or symptoms during an imaging study.
'''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' FMD


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia overview|Overview]] ==
===Age===
Fibromuscular dysplasia tends to occur in females between 14 and 50 years of age.  However, it has been found in children under the age of 14.


===Sex===
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
Fibromuscular dysplasia affects females more than males.
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]  ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia causes|Causes]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Fibromuscular dysplasia from other Diseases]] ==


==Pathophysiology==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
Fibromuscular dysplasia is characterized by fibrous thickening of the [[tunica intima|intima]], [[tunica media|media]], or [[adventitia]] of the [[renal artery]]. Up to 75% of all patients with FMD will have disease in the renal arteries. The lesions cause narrowing of the artery [[lumen (anatomy)|lumen]]. The second most common artery affected is the [[carotid]] artery, which is found in the neck and supplies the brain with blood.  Less commonly, FMD affects the arteries in the abdomen (supplying the [[liver]], [[spleen]] and [[intestines]]) and extremities (legs and arms).  More than one artery may have evidence of FMD in 28% of people with this disease (Luscher, 1986). All arteries should be checked if found.
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
== Diagnosis ==


==Signs and Symptoms==
[[Fibromuscular dysplasia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia CT|CT]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia MRI|MRI]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia arteriography|Arteriography]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
As a result of renal artery stenosis, the kidney's [[afferent arteriole|afferent arteriolar]] pressure falls.  The [[renin-angiotensin system]] is activated, causing fluid retention and hypertension. Symptoms of craniocervical involvement include headaches and lightheadedness, although patients are often asymptomatic. On physical examination, one may detect neurological symptoms secondary to a stroke, a bruit over an affected artery, and diminished distal pulses.


==Angiography==
== Treatment ==
Angiography with contrast will show a characteristic "string of beads" morphology in a vessel affected by FMD.
[[Fibromuscular dysplasia management guidelines|Management Guidelines]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia cost-effectiveness of therapy| Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Fibromuscular dysplasia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Treatment==
==Case Studies==
[[ACE inhibitor]]s, and [[Angiotensin II receptor antagonist]]s are often initial treatments of fibromuscular dysplasia. Refractory cases are often treated by [http://www.cardiosource.com/ExpertOpinions/hottopics/article.asp?paperID=82/ balloon angioplasty or stenting of the renal artery]. Besides [[hypertension|high blood pressure control]], [[platelet|anti-platelet]] drugs and [[blood thinner]] drugs may be used. Bypass surgery is a considered treatment and also vein replacement.
[[Fibromuscular dysplasia case study one|Case #1]]
 
== See also ==
* [[FMDSA|Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America]]
 
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{{SIB}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]

Latest revision as of 00:48, 18 September 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in-Chief: Mohsen Basiri M.D., Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: FMD

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fibromuscular dysplasia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Arteriography | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Management Guidelines | Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

de:Fibromuskuläre Dysplasie

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