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{{Fibromuscular dysplasia}}
{{Fibromuscular dysplasia}}


'''Fo patient information page, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''Fo ptient information page, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' {{M.B}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' {{M.B}}, {{MMJ}}


'''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' FMD
'''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' FMD


== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia overview|Overview]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia overview|Overview]] ==
The definition of Fibromuscular Dysplasia(FMD) on the [[Medical Subject Headings]] is "an [[idiopathic]], segmental, [[Atheromatous plaque|nonatheromatous]] disease of the [[musculature]] of arterial walls, leading to [[stenosis]] of small and medium-sized [[arteries]]. There is a true [[proliferation]] of [[smooth muscle cell]]<nowiki/>s and [[fibrous tissue]] formation. however, this systemic arteriopathy is a noninflammatory process and is therefore not associated with [[Inflammatory biomarkers predict short-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease|inflammatory biomarkers]].
According to the definition, FMD is a condition which can involve every vascular bed in the body, therefore it can cause very heterogeneous and extensive spectrum of clinical manifestations from [[asymptomatic]] involvement to devastating consequences and [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]].
Unlike routine conception that FMD is a rare disease of middle-aged female, current data from the French and US registries showed that the awareness about FMD must be raised, and every health provider at any level should be familiar with suggestive [[symptoms]] and [[signs]] of FMD which is more frequent and more often systematic than previously thought.


== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
Fibromuscular dysplasia was first discovered by Leadbetter and Burkland, in 1938 following evaluation of severe hypertension in a 5-year-old boy. The first histopathological description of fibromuscular dysplasia and pathologic classification for this condition was proposed in 1958 and 1971 by McCormack and coworkers.
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
 
Fibromuscular dysplasia with involvement of extrarenal [[arteries]] has been considering in recent years. However numerous aspects of [[molecular biology]] ang [[genetic]] [[etiology]] of this condition remains unanswered, and there are various top research priorities in the field of FMD to improve our understanding of this condition.
 
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
* In Fibromuscular dysplasia, the proliferation of [[vascular smooth muscle]] of one or more small or medium-sized [[arteries]] undergo [[dysplasia]] and cause [[stenosis]]. this [[abnormal]] [[cellular]] [[development]] is characterized by [[fibrous]] thickening of the [[Tunica intima|intima]], [[Tunica media|media]], or [[adventitia]] of the involved arteries; which ultimately lead to arterial narrowing.
 
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia causes|Causes]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia causes|Causes]] ==
The cause of fibromuscular dysplasia has not been identified, nevertheless, the disease is more common among the first-degree relatives of patients with FMD, Genetic factors may play a role in the development of FMD.
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Fibromuscular dysplasia from other Diseases]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Fibromuscular dysplasia from other Diseases]] ==


== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
There are no established risk factors for fibromuscular dysplasia; neverteless there are evidences that [[cigarette smoking]], [[hypertension]] and other classic risk factors for [[atherosclerosis]] may be risk factors in the development of FMD .
However FMD has a greater [[prevalence]] among women but no definite association has been found between this condition and use of [[Oral contraceptive|oral contraceptives]] or disturbances of [[Sex hormones|endogenous sex hormones]].
Since the disease is more common among the first-degree relatives of patients with FMD, Genetic factors may play a role in the development of FMD.dysplasia,
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
== [[Fibromuscular dysplasia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
== Diagnosis ==
== Diagnosis ==



Latest revision as of 00:48, 18 September 2019

Fibromuscular dysplasia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fibromuscular dysplasia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiorgram

X-ray

CT

MRI

Arteriography

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Management Guidelines

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

ASA/ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations

Management of Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia of the Extracranial Carotid Arteries

Case Studies

Case #1

Fibromuscular dysplasia On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Fibromuscular dysplasia

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Fibromuscular dysplasia

CDC on Fibromuscular dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia in the news

Blogs on Fibromuscular dysplasia

Directions to Hospitals Treating Fibromuscular dysplasia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Fibromuscular dysplasia

Fo ptient information page, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in-Chief: Mohsen Basiri M.D., Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: FMD

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fibromuscular dysplasia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Arteriography | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Management Guidelines | Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

de:Fibromuskuläre Dysplasie

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