Esophageal stricture natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Esophageal stricture}}
{{Esophageal stricture}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MA}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
If left untreated, patients with esophageal stricture  may progress to develop [[pulmonary aspiration]], [[weight loss]], and [[dehydration]]. Common [[complication]]<nowiki/>s of esophageal stricture include [[perforation]], [[bleeding]], [[pneumonia]], [[bacteremia]]. [[Prognosis]] is generally good but recurrence of symptoms after [[dilation]] are prevalent and usually recurrent [[dilation]] is necessary.
 
OR
 
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
OR
 
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==


===Natural History===
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.  
* The natural history of [[benign]] esophageal stricture<nowiki/>s starts with gradual [[dysphagia]] to [[solid]] food and [[heartburn]].<ref name="pmid26828759">{{cite journal |vauthors=Repici A, Small AJ, Mendelson A, Jovani M, Correale L, Hassan C, Ridola L, Anderloni A, Ferrara EC, Kochman ML |title=Natural history and management of refractory benign esophageal strictures |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=222–8 |year=2016 |pmid=26828759 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.053 |url=}}</ref>
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.  
* In some cases of esophageal stricture, symptoms of [[heartburn]] disappear when [[fibrosis]] is established.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Lundell, M.D., Ph.D.|first=Lars|date=|title=Reflux esophagitis and peptic strictures|url=http://www.nature.com/gimo/contents/pt1/full/gimo43.html|journal=GI Motility online|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
*If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*If left untreated, patients with esophageal stricture may progress to develop:<ref name="pmid28783923">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hwang JJ |title=Safe and Proper Management of Esophageal Stricture Using Endoscopic Esophageal Dilation |journal=Clin Endosc |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=309–310 |year=2017 |pmid=28783923 |pmc=5565041 |doi=10.5946/ce.2017.100 |url=}}</ref>
**[[Pulmonary aspiration]]
**[[Weight loss]]  
**[[Dehydration]]  


===Complications===
===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
*Common complications of esophageal stricture include:<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |vauthors=van Boeckel PG, Siersema PD |title=Refractory esophageal strictures: what to do when dilation fails |journal=Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=47–58 |year=2015 |pmid=25647687 |pmc=4328110 |doi=10.1007/s11938-014-0043-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26944699">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu SY, Xiao P, Li TX, Cao HC, Mao AW, Jiang HS, Cao GS, Liu J, Wang YD, Zhang XS |title=Predictor of massive bleeding following stent placement for malignant oesophageal stricture/fistulae: a multicentre study |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=471–5 |year=2016 |pmid=26944699 |doi=10.1016/j.crad.2016.02.001 |url=}}</ref>
**[Complication 1]
**[[Perforation]]
**[Complication 2]
**[[Bleeding]]  
**[Complication 3]
**[[Pneumonia]]  
**[[Bacteremia]]


===Prognosis===
===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
*[[Prognosis]] is generally good and depends on the cause of esophageal stricture. More than 80-90% of esophageal stricture<nowiki/>s respond well to [[Endoscopy|endoscopic]] [[dilation]] but one third of patients have recurrent symptoms after one year.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="pmid25647687">{{cite journal |vauthors=van Boeckel PG, Siersema PD |title=Refractory esophageal strictures: what to do when dilation fails |journal=Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=47–58 |year=2015 |pmid=25647687 |pmc=4328110 |doi=10.1007/s11938-014-0043-6 |url=}}</ref>
*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
*[[Weight loss]] is associated with poor [[prognosis]] among patients with esophageal stricture.<ref name="pmid24876933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berry MF |title=Esophageal cancer: staging system and guidelines for staging and treatment |journal=J Thorac Dis |volume=6 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages=S289–97 |year=2014 |pmid=24876933 |pmc=4037413 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.11 |url=}}</ref>
*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
*Progressive [[gastroesophageal reflux]] may lead to extended esophageal stricture which prevent [[gastric acid]] to flow back in the [[esophagus]]. Loss of previous [[heartburn]] is related to more esophageal stricture.<ref name=":0" />
*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 21:41, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, patients with esophageal stricture may progress to develop pulmonary aspiration, weight loss, and dehydration. Common complications of esophageal stricture include perforation, bleeding, pneumonia, bacteremia. Prognosis is generally good but recurrence of symptoms after dilation are prevalent and usually recurrent dilation is necessary.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

References

  1. Repici A, Small AJ, Mendelson A, Jovani M, Correale L, Hassan C, Ridola L, Anderloni A, Ferrara EC, Kochman ML (2016). "Natural history and management of refractory benign esophageal strictures". Gastrointest. Endosc. 84 (2): 222–8. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.053. PMID 26828759.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Lundell, M.D., Ph.D., Lars. "Reflux esophagitis and peptic strictures". GI Motility online.
  3. Hwang JJ (2017). "Safe and Proper Management of Esophageal Stricture Using Endoscopic Esophageal Dilation". Clin Endosc. 50 (4): 309–310. doi:10.5946/ce.2017.100. PMC 5565041. PMID 28783923.
  4. 4.0 4.1 van Boeckel PG, Siersema PD (2015). "Refractory esophageal strictures: what to do when dilation fails". Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 13 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s11938-014-0043-6. PMC 4328110. PMID 25647687.
  5. Liu SY, Xiao P, Li TX, Cao HC, Mao AW, Jiang HS, Cao GS, Liu J, Wang YD, Zhang XS (2016). "Predictor of massive bleeding following stent placement for malignant oesophageal stricture/fistulae: a multicentre study". Clin Radiol. 71 (5): 471–5. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2016.02.001. PMID 26944699.
  6. van Boeckel PG, Siersema PD (2015). "Refractory esophageal strictures: what to do when dilation fails". Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 13 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s11938-014-0043-6. PMC 4328110. PMID 25647687.
  7. Berry MF (2014). "Esophageal cancer: staging system and guidelines for staging and treatment". J Thorac Dis. 6 Suppl 3: S289–97. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.11. PMC 4037413. PMID 24876933.

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