Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy

WikiDoc Resources for Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Articles
Most recent articles on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Most cited articles on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Review articles on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Articles on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Images of Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Photos of Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Podcasts & MP3s on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Videos on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Bandolier on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy TRIP on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Clinical Trials on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy NICE Guidance on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy CDC on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Books
Books on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
News
Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy in the news Be alerted to news on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy News trends on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Commentary
Blogs on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Definitions
Definitions of Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Discussion groups on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Patient Handouts on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Directions to Hospitals Treating Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Risk calculators and risk factors for Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Causes & Risk Factors for Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Diagnostic studies for Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy Treatment of Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
International
Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy en Espanol Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy en Francais
Business
Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy in the Marketplace Patents on Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Eosinophilic cardiomyopathy

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Eosinophillic Cardiomyopathy also known as Loeffler's Syndrome is a type of restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by eosinophillic infiltration of the endomyocardium. It is a feature of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome and occurs in 40-50% of all cases. Eosinophills enter the tissue and undergo degranulation, release cytotoxic proteins, increase production of reactive oxygen species, enzymes, growth factor, and cytokines. This process leads to tissue damage and dysfunction, eventually leading to fibrosis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. There are many causes of Hyperesosinophilic Syndrome (HES) with Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy, these can be classified as:

• Reactive
  • Eosinophillic Granulomatosis Polyangitis
  • Churg Strauss Disease
  • Parasitic Infection
  • Autoimmune disorder
  • Medication related
• Clonal Myeloid Disorder
• Idiopathic Hypereosinophillic Syndrome

Historical Perspective

• Eosinophillic Cardiomypoathy was first discovered by Wilhem Loeffler, a Swiss Physician, in 1936 during/following [event].

• In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
• In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

Classification

• Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy may be classified according to cause into three subtypes/groups:

• Reactive
• Clonal myeloid disorder
• Idiopathic hypereosinophillic syndrome

• Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].

Pathophysiology

• The pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Cadiomyopathy is characterized by hypereosinophilia , thrombi formation , restrictive cardiomyopathy , and heart failure .
• The FLP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene has been associated with the development of hypereosiniophilic syndrome.
• On gross pathology, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are characteristic findings of Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy.
• On microscopic histopathological analysis, hypereosinophilia, myocardial and myofibrillar disarray, and endoperimysial interstitial fibrosis are characteristic findings of Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy.

Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases

• Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy must be differentiated from other diseases that cause Cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and Heart failure, such as:

• Amyloidosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Hemachromatosis

Epidemiology and Demographics

• The prevalence of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome is approximately 0.036 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
• In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].

• [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
• [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].

Gender

• [Disease name] affects men and women equally.

• [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
• The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Race

• There is no racial predilection for [disease name].

• [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
• [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

• The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
• Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
• If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
• Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
• Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10­year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

• The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:

• [criterion 1]
• [criterion 2]
• [criterion 3]
• [criterion 4]

Symptoms

• [Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
• Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:

• [symptom 1]
• [symptom 2]
• [symptom 3]
• [symptom 4]
• [symptom 5]
• [symptom 6]

Physical Examination

• Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
• Physical examination may be remarkable for:

• [finding 1]
• [finding 2]
• [finding 3]
• [finding 4]
• [finding 5]
• [finding 6]

Laboratory Findings

• There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

• A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
• An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
• Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings

• There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].

• [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
• On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
• [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

• [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
• Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

• There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

• The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
• [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
• Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

• Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
• [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
• [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].

Prevention

• There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].

• Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].

• Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].