Enuresis: Difference between revisions
Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
*Prayers became an important supplemental component of the treatment options in the middle ages. | *Prayers became an important supplemental component of the treatment options in the middle ages. | ||
*Belladonna, camphor, opium, and ergot were administered to enhance the bladder muscle tone in the eighteenth century.<ref name="NørgaardDjurhuus2016">{{cite journal|last1=Nørgaard|first1=Jens Peter|last2=Djurhuus|first2=Jens Christian|title=The Pathophysiology of Enuresis in Children and Young Adults|journal=Clinical Pediatrics|volume=32|issue=1_suppl|year=2016|pages=5–9|issn=0009-9228|doi=10.1177/0009922893032001S02}}</ref> | *Belladonna, camphor, opium, and ergot were administered to enhance the bladder muscle tone in the eighteenth century.<ref name="NørgaardDjurhuus2016">{{cite journal|last1=Nørgaard|first1=Jens Peter|last2=Djurhuus|first2=Jens Christian|title=The Pathophysiology of Enuresis in Children and Young Adults|journal=Clinical Pediatrics|volume=32|issue=1_suppl|year=2016|pages=5–9|issn=0009-9228|doi=10.1177/0009922893032001S02}}</ref> | ||
* | *Initially enuresis was considered a manifestation of psychiatric disturbance. It has been followed by the clearer theory of maturational delay with the role of hereditary factors. <ref name="Schulpen1997">{{cite journal|last1=Schulpen|first1=TWJ|title=The burden of nocturnal enuresis|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=86|issue=9|year=1997|pages=981–984|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb15183.x}}</ref> | ||
*After multiple studies, it has been found that enuresis may be the cause and not the result of a psychiatric disorder.<ref name="LäckgrenHjalmås2007">{{cite journal|last1=Läckgren|first1=G|last2=Hjalmås|first2=K|last3=Gool|first3=J van|last4=Gontard|first4=A von|last5=Gennaro|first5=M de|last6=Lottmann|first6=H|last7=Terho|first7=P|title=COMMITTEE REPORT|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=88|issue=6|year=2007|pages=679–690|issn=08035253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00023.x}}</ref> | *After multiple studies, it has been found that enuresis may be the cause and not the result of a psychiatric disorder.<ref name="LäckgrenHjalmås2007">{{cite journal|last1=Läckgren|first1=G|last2=Hjalmås|first2=K|last3=Gool|first3=J van|last4=Gontard|first4=A von|last5=Gennaro|first5=M de|last6=Lottmann|first6=H|last7=Terho|first7=P|title=COMMITTEE REPORT|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=88|issue=6|year=2007|pages=679–690|issn=08035253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00023.x}}</ref> | ||
*In 1948, a direct conditioning based treatment modality called the alarm or bell-and-pad system was introduced.<ref name="NørgaardDjurhuus2016">{{cite journal|last1=Nørgaard|first1=Jens Peter|last2=Djurhuus|first2=Jens Christian|title=The Pathophysiology of Enuresis in Children and Young Adults|journal=Clinical Pediatrics|volume=32|issue=1_suppl|year=2016|pages=5–9|issn=0009-9228|doi=10.1177/0009922893032001S02}}</ref> | *In 1948, a direct conditioning based treatment modality called the alarm or bell-and-pad system was introduced.<ref name="NørgaardDjurhuus2016">{{cite journal|last1=Nørgaard|first1=Jens Peter|last2=Djurhuus|first2=Jens Christian|title=The Pathophysiology of Enuresis in Children and Young Adults|journal=Clinical Pediatrics|volume=32|issue=1_suppl|year=2016|pages=5–9|issn=0009-9228|doi=10.1177/0009922893032001S02}}</ref> | ||
*Initially, psychotherapy was | *Initially, psychotherapy was accepted as the only possible method to treat enuresis, and there was a lot of skepticism about the conditioning treatment. <ref name="Schulpen1997">{{cite journal|last1=Schulpen|first1=TWJ|title=The burden of nocturnal enuresis|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=86|issue=9|year=1997|pages=981–984|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb15183.x}}</ref> | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
Revision as of 23:55, 29 January 2021
WikiDoc Resources for Enuresis |
Articles |
---|
Most recent articles on Enuresis |
Media |
Evidence Based Medicine |
Clinical Trials |
Ongoing Trials on Enuresis at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Enuresis at Google
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Enuresis
|
Books |
News |
Commentary |
Definitions |
Patient Resources / Community |
Directions to Hospitals Treating Enuresis Risk calculators and risk factors for Enuresis
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
Causes & Risk Factors for Enuresis |
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
International |
|
Business |
Experimental / Informatics |
Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S.,M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Angela Botts, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Geriatric Medicine [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]
Overview
Enuresis is the involuntary urination beyond the age of anticipated control. The two major forms of enuresis are diurnal enuresis (or daytime wetting), and nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting or nighttime wetting). Enuresis impacts the child and has a major psychosocial burden on the entire family as well.
Historical Perspective
- Enuresis has been a major social problem since ancient times.
- As early as 1550 BC, the problem of childhood incontinence was described in the Ebers papyrus.[1]
- Prayers became an important supplemental component of the treatment options in the middle ages.
- Belladonna, camphor, opium, and ergot were administered to enhance the bladder muscle tone in the eighteenth century.[1]
- Initially enuresis was considered a manifestation of psychiatric disturbance. It has been followed by the clearer theory of maturational delay with the role of hereditary factors. [2]
- After multiple studies, it has been found that enuresis may be the cause and not the result of a psychiatric disorder.[3]
- In 1948, a direct conditioning based treatment modality called the alarm or bell-and-pad system was introduced.[1]
- Initially, psychotherapy was accepted as the only possible method to treat enuresis, and there was a lot of skepticism about the conditioning treatment. [2]
Differential Diagnosis
- Medication side effects
- Neurogenic bladder[4]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The prevalence of enuresis is:
- 5,000-10,000 per 100,000 (5%-10%) among children 5 years of age
- 3,000-5,000 per 100,000 (3%-5%) among children 10 year of age
- 1,000 per 100,000 (1%) among children 15 years of age or older[4]
Risk Factors
- Delayed or lax toilet training
- Genetic predisposition
- Psychosocial stress[4]
Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Enuresis[4]
“ |
AND
AND
AND
Specify whether:
|
” |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nørgaard, Jens Peter; Djurhuus, Jens Christian (2016). "The Pathophysiology of Enuresis in Children and Young Adults". Clinical Pediatrics. 32 (1_suppl): 5–9. doi:10.1177/0009922893032001S02. ISSN 0009-9228.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schulpen, TWJ (1997). "The burden of nocturnal enuresis". Acta Paediatrica. 86 (9): 981–984. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb15183.x. ISSN 0803-5253.
- ↑ Läckgren, G; Hjalmås, K; Gool, J van; Gontard, A von; Gennaro, M de; Lottmann, H; Terho, P (2007). "COMMITTEE REPORT". Acta Paediatrica. 88 (6): 679–690. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00023.x. ISSN 0803-5253.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.