Enuresis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Enuresis is the involuntary [[urination]] beyond the age of anticipated control. The two major forms of enuresis are [[daytime wetting|diurnal enuresis]] (or daytime wetting), and [[nocturnal enuresis]] (bedwetting or nighttime wetting). | Enuresis is the involuntary [[urination]] beyond the age of anticipated control. The two major forms of enuresis are [[daytime wetting|diurnal enuresis]] (or daytime wetting), and [[nocturnal enuresis]] (bedwetting or nighttime wetting). Enuresis impacts the child and has a major psychosocial burden on the entire family as well. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== |
Revision as of 23:06, 29 January 2021
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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S.,M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Angela Botts, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Geriatric Medicine [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]
Overview
Enuresis is the involuntary urination beyond the age of anticipated control. The two major forms of enuresis are diurnal enuresis (or daytime wetting), and nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting or nighttime wetting). Enuresis impacts the child and has a major psychosocial burden on the entire family as well.
Historical Perspective
- Enuresis has been a major social problem since ancient times.
- As early as 1550 BC, the problem of childhood incontinence was described in the Ebers papyrus.[1]
- Prayers became an important supplemental component of the treatment options in the middle ages.
- Belladonna, camphor, opium, and ergot were administered to enhance the bladder muscle tone in the eighteenth century.[1]
- In 1948, a direct conditioning based treatment modality called the alarm or bell-and-pad system was introduced.[1]
Differential Diagnosis
- Medication side effects
- Neurogenic bladder[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The prevalence of enuresis is:
- 5,000-10,000 per 100,000 (5%-10%) among children 5 years of age
- 3,000-5,000 per 100,000 (3%-5%) among children 10 year of age
- 1,000 per 100,000 (1%) among children 15 years of age or older[2]
Risk Factors
- Delayed or lax toilet training
- Genetic predisposition
- Psychosocial stress[2]
Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Enuresis[2]
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nørgaard, Jens Peter; Djurhuus, Jens Christian (2016). "The Pathophysiology of Enuresis in Children and Young Adults". Clinical Pediatrics. 32 (1_suppl): 5–9. doi:10.1177/0009922893032001S02. ISSN 0009-9228.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.