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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Hanifin and Rajka criteria]] are the gold standard for diagnosing [[eczema]]. <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref>
[[Hanifin and Rajka criteria]] are the gold standard for diagnosing [[eczema]]. <ref name="pmid24290431">{{cite journal| author=Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, Feldman SR, Hanifin JM, Simpson EL | display-authors=etal| title=Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 70 | issue= 2 | pages= 338-51 | pmid=24290431 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010 | pmc=4410183 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24290431  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17579279">{{cite journal| author=Schulte-Herbrüggen O, Fölster-Holst R, von Elstermann M, Augustin M, Hellweg R| title=Clinical relevance of nerve growth factor serum levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. | journal=Int Arch Allergy Immunol | year= 2007 | volume= 144 | issue= 3 | pages= 211-6 | pmid=17579279 | doi=10.1159/000103994 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17579279 }} </ref>


==Eczema screening==
==Eczema screening==
*[[Hanifin and Rajka criteria]] are the gold standard for diagnosing [[eczema]].
*[[Hanifin and Rajka criteria]] are the gold standard for diagnosing [[eczema]].
*It should satisfy 3 out of 4 [[major criteria]], or 3 out of 23 [[minor criteria]].
*It should satisfy 3 out of 4 [[major criteria]] or 3 out of 23 [[minor criteria]]. <ref name="pmid28978208">{{cite journal| author=Avena-Woods C| title=Overview of atopic dermatitis. | journal=Am J Manag Care | year= 2017 | volume= 23 | issue= 8 Suppl | pages= S115-S123 | pmid=28978208 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28978208  }} </ref>
 
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 1px; width: " align="center" 1000px;"
| valign="top" |
|+<big>''' Table 1. [[Hanifin and Rajka Criteria]]''' {{cite web |url=https://www.med.or.jp/english/pdf/2002_11/460_465.pdf |title=www.med.or.jp |format= |work= |accessdate=}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Major Criteria}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Minor Criteria}}
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pruritus]]
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Xerosis]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Typical [[morphology]] and distribution, [[flexural]] [[lichenification]] in [[adults]], [[facial]] and [[extensor]] eruptions in [[infants]] and [[children]]
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Ichthyosis]] / [[palmar]] hyper-linearity, [[keratosis pilaris]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Chronic]] or chronically [[relapsing]] [[dermatitis]]
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Immediate ([[type 1]]) skin-test reactivity
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Personal or [[family history]] of [[atopy]] ([[asthma]], [[allergic rhinitis]], [[atopic dermatitis]])
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Raised [[serum]] [[IgE]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Early [[age]] of [[onset]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tendency toward [[cutaneous infections]] (especially ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and [[herpes simplex virus]]), impaired [[cell-mediated immunity]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tendency toward non-specific [[hand]] or [[foot]] [[dermatitis]].
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Nipple eczema]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cheilitis]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Recurrent conjunctivitis]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Dennie-Morgan infraorbital fold]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Keratoconus]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anterior subcapsular cataracts]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Orbital darkening]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Facial pallor]], [[facial erythema]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pityriasis alba]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anterior neck folds]]
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Itch when [[sweating]].
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Intolerance to wool and [[lipid]] solvents.
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Perifollicular]] accentuation
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Food]] intolerance
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Course influenced by environmental or emotional factors
|-
 
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |White [[dermographism]], delayed [[blanch]].
|-
 
|}


==References==
==References==


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
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Latest revision as of 18:39, 14 July 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.

Overview

Hanifin and Rajka criteria are the gold standard for diagnosing eczema. [1] [2]

Eczema screening


 Table 1. Hanifin and Rajka Criteria "www.med.or.jp" (PDF).
Major Criteria Minor Criteria
Pruritus Xerosis
Typical morphology and distribution, flexural lichenification in adults, facial and extensor eruptions in infants and children Ichthyosis / palmar hyper-linearity, keratosis pilaris
Chronic or chronically relapsing dermatitis Immediate (type 1) skin-test reactivity
Personal or family history of atopy (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) Raised serum IgE
Early age of onset
Tendency toward cutaneous infections (especially Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus), impaired cell-mediated immunity
Tendency toward non-specific hand or foot dermatitis.
Nipple eczema
Cheilitis
Recurrent conjunctivitis
Dennie-Morgan infraorbital fold
Keratoconus
Anterior subcapsular cataracts
Orbital darkening
Facial pallor, facial erythema
Pityriasis alba
Anterior neck folds
Itch when sweating.
Intolerance to wool and lipid solvents.
Perifollicular accentuation
Food intolerance
Course influenced by environmental or emotional factors
White dermographism, delayed blanch.

References

  1. ↑ Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, Feldman SR, Hanifin JM, Simpson EL; et al. (2014). "Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 70 (2): 338–51. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010. PMC 4410183. PMID 24290431.
  2. ↑ Schulte-Herbrüggen O, Fölster-Holst R, von Elstermann M, Augustin M, Hellweg R (2007). "Clinical relevance of nerve growth factor serum levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis". Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 144 (3): 211–6. doi:10.1159/000103994. PMID 17579279.
  3. ↑ Avena-Woods C (2017). "Overview of atopic dermatitis". Am J Manag Care. 23 (8 Suppl): S115–S123. PMID 28978208.
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