Ear pain resident survival guide (pediatrics): Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes<ref name="pmid29365233">{{cite journal| author=Earwood JS, Rogers TS, Rathjen NA| title=Ear Pain: Diagnosing Common and Uncommon Causes. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2018 | volume= 97 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-27 | pmid=29365233 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29365233  }}</ref>===
Ear pain is not life threatening
Ear pain is not life threatening


===Common Causes  ===
===Common Causes  ===


=== Commoncold or upper respiratory tract infection ===
primary otalgia <ref name="pmid20736106">{{cite journal| author=Neilan RE, Roland PS| title=Otalgia. | journal=Med Clin North Am | year= 2010 | volume= 94 | issue= 5 | pages= 961-71 | pmid=20736106 | doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2010.05.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20736106  }}</ref>


=== primary otalgia ===
====== Otitis externa <ref name="pmid16138712">{{cite journal| author=Wang MC, Liu CY, Shiao AS, Wang T| title=Ear problems in swimmers. | journal=J Chin Med Assoc | year= 2005 | volume= 68 | issue= 8 | pages= 347-52 | pmid=16138712 | doi=10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70174-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16138712 }}</ref> (swimmer's ear)<ref name="pmid231986732">{{cite journal| author=Schaefer P, Baugh RF| title=Acute otitis externa: an update. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2012 | volume= 86 | issue= 11 | pages= 1055-61 | pmid=23198673 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23198673  }}</ref>======


====== Otitis externa  (swimmer's ear)======
*Pseudomonas.<ref name="pmid10809975">{{cite journal| author=Zichichi L, Asta G, Noto G| title=Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis after shower/bath exposure. | journal=Int J Dermatol | year= 2000 | volume= 39 | issue= 4 | pages= 270-3 | pmid=10809975 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00931.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10809975  }}</ref>
 
*Pseudomonas.
*Staph aureus.
*Staph aureus.


==== Mechanical obstruction ====
==== Mechanical obstruction ====
*Earwax
*Earwax<ref name="pmid28045632">{{cite journal| author=Schwartz SR, Magit AE, Rosenfeld RM, Ballachanda BB, Hackell JM, Krouse HJ | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction) Executive Summary | journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2017 | volume= 156 | issue= 1 | pages= 14-29 | pmid=28045632 | doi=10.1177/0194599816678832 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28045632  }} </ref>
*Foreign body
*Foreign body<ref name="pmid23601480">{{cite journal| author=Conover K| title=Earache. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 413-42 | pmid=23601480 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2013.02.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23601480  }} </ref>


==== Otitis media<ref name="pmid24453496" />====
==== Otitis media<ref name="pmid2732519">{{cite journal| author=Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B| title=Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1989 | volume= 160 | issue= 1 | pages= 83-94 | pmid=2732519 | doi=10.1093/infdis/160.1.83 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2732519  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28707578">{{cite journal| author=Leung AKC, Wong AHC| title=Acute Otitis Media in Children. | journal=Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov | year= 2017 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 32-40 | pmid=28707578 | doi=10.2174/1874609810666170712145332 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28707578  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24453496" />====


*Streptococcus pneumoniae
*Streptococcus pneumoniae
*nontypable Haemophilus influenzae
*nontypable Haemophilus influenzae
*Moraxella catarrhalis
*Moraxella catarrhalis
Otitis media with effusion
Otitis media with effusion<ref name="pmid10944048">{{cite journal| author=Kubba H, Pearson JP, Birchall JP| title=The aetiology of otitis media with effusion: a review. | journal=Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci | year= 2000 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 181-94 | pmid=10944048 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2273.2000.00350.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10944048  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24453496">{{cite journal| author=Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M| title=Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment. | journal=Infect Drug Resist | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue=  | pages= 15-24 | pmid=24453496 | doi=10.2147/IDR.S39637 | pmc=3894142 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24453496  }}</ref><ref name="pmid8229477">{{cite journal| author=Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, Pannu AK, Johnson DL, Howie VM| title=Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1993 | volume= 123 | issue= 5 | pages= 702-11 | pmid=8229477 | doi=10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80843-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8229477  }}</ref>


*Enter into group child care(Amounts of time spent)
*Enter into group child care(Amounts of time spent)
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=== Truma ===
=== Truma ===


* Air travel
* Air travel<ref name="pmid25599243">{{cite journal| author=Wright T| title=Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel. | journal=BMJ Clin Evid | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25599243 | doi= | pmc=4298289 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25599243  }} </ref>
=== secondary otalgia<ref name="pmid20736106" /><ref name="pmid29365233" />===
=== secondary otalgia<ref name="pmid20736106" /><ref name="pmid29365233" />===


==== Refered ear pain====
==== Refered ear pain====


* Tonsillitis and Tonsillectomy
* Tonsillitis and Tonsillectomy<ref name="pmid30798778">{{cite journal| author=Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, Rosenfeld RM, Coles S, Finestone SA | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update). | journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2019 | volume= 160 | issue= 1_suppl | pages= S1-S42 | pmid=30798778 | doi=10.1177/0194599818801757 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30798778  }}</ref>


* Toothaches.  
* Toothaches.  
Line 67: Line 65:
* Sorethroat.  
* Sorethroat.  
* Mumps  
* Mumps  
* dental infections  
* dental infections
* mastoiditis<ref name="pmid16686225">{{cite journal| author=Rodríguez Paramás A, Mancheño Losa M, García de Pedro F, Encinas A, Gutiérrez Triguero M| title=
*Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)  
*Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)  
 
commoncold or upper respiratory tract infection
<br />
==FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation==
==FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation==


Revision as of 19:41, 10 August 2020


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Ear pain resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters
Overview
Causes
FIRE
Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts

Overview

This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes[1]

Ear pain is not life threatening

Common Causes

primary otalgia [2]

Otitis externa [3] (swimmer's ear)[4]
  • Pseudomonas.[5]
  • Staph aureus.

Mechanical obstruction

Otitis media[8][9][10]

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • nontypable Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis

Otitis media with effusion[11][10][12]

  • Enter into group child care(Amounts of time spent)
  • Exposure of smoking
  • Peroid of breastfeeding

Truma

secondary otalgia[2][1]

Refered ear pain

  • Tonsillitis and Tonsillectomy[14]
  • Toothaches.
  • Sorethroat.
  • Mumps
  • dental infections
  • mastoiditis<ref name="pmid16686225">{{cite journal| author=Rodríguez Paramás A, Mancheño Losa M, García de Pedro F, Encinas A, Gutiérrez Triguero M| title=
  • Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)

commoncold or upper respiratory tract infection

FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation

Complete Diagnostic Approach

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Do's

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Earwood JS, Rogers TS, Rathjen NA (2018). "Ear Pain: Diagnosing Common and Uncommon Causes". Am Fam Physician. 97 (1): 20–27. PMID 29365233.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Neilan RE, Roland PS (2010). "Otalgia". Med Clin North Am. 94 (5): 961–71. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2010.05.004. PMID 20736106.
  3. ↑ Wang MC, Liu CY, Shiao AS, Wang T (2005). "Ear problems in swimmers". J Chin Med Assoc. 68 (8): 347–52. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70174-1. PMID 16138712.
  4. ↑ Schaefer P, Baugh RF (2012). "Acute otitis externa: an update". Am Fam Physician. 86 (11): 1055–61. PMID 23198673.
  5. ↑ Zichichi L, Asta G, Noto G (2000). "Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis after shower/bath exposure". Int J Dermatol. 39 (4): 270–3. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00931.x. PMID 10809975.
  6. ↑ Schwartz SR, Magit AE, Rosenfeld RM, Ballachanda BB, Hackell JM, Krouse HJ; et al. (2017). "Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction) Executive Summary". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 156 (1): 14–29. doi:10.1177/0194599816678832. PMID 28045632.
  7. ↑ Conover K (2013). "Earache". Emerg Med Clin North Am. 31 (2): 413–42. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2013.02.001. PMID 23601480.
  8. ↑ Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B (1989). "Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study". J Infect Dis. 160 (1): 83–94. doi:10.1093/infdis/160.1.83. PMID 2732519.
  9. ↑ Leung AKC, Wong AHC (2017). "Acute Otitis Media in Children". Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 11 (1): 32–40. doi:10.2174/1874609810666170712145332. PMID 28707578.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M (2014). "Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 15–24. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39637. PMC 3894142. PMID 24453496.
  11. ↑ Kubba H, Pearson JP, Birchall JP (2000). "The aetiology of otitis media with effusion: a review". Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 25 (3): 181–94. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2273.2000.00350.x. PMID 10944048.
  12. ↑ Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, Pannu AK, Johnson DL, Howie VM (1993). "Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life". J Pediatr. 123 (5): 702–11. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80843-1. PMID 8229477.
  13. ↑ Wright T (2015). "Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel". BMJ Clin Evid. 2015. PMC 4298289. PMID 25599243.
  14. ↑ Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, Rosenfeld RM, Coles S, Finestone SA; et al. (2019). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 160 (1_suppl): S1–S42. doi:10.1177/0194599818801757. PMID 30798778.


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