Dicloxacillin

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Dicloxacillin
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rabin Bista, M.B.B.S. [2]

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Overview

Dicloxacillin is a Beta-Lactam antibiotic that is FDA approved for the treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Common adverse reactions include {{{adverseReactions}}}.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Indications

  • The penicillinase-resistant penicillins are indicated in the treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci which have demonstrated susceptibility to the drugs. Cultures and susceptibility tests should be performed initially to determine the causative organism and their sensitivity to the drug (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY – SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING).
  • The penicillinase-resistant penicillins may be used to initiate therapy in suspected cases of resistant staphylococcal infections prior to the availability of laboratory test results. The penicillinase-resistant penicillins should not be used in infections caused by organisms susceptible to penicillin G. If the susceptibility tests indicate that the infection is due to an organism other than a resistant staphylococcus, therapy should not be continued with a penicillinase-resistant penicillin.
  • To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of dicloxacillin sodium capsules and other antibacterial drugs, dicloxacillin sodium capsules should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

Dosage

  • The penicillinase-resistant penicillins are available for oral administration and for intramuscular and intravenous injection. The sodium salts of methicillin, oxacillin, and nafcillin may be administered parenterally and the sodium salts of cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin, and nafcillin are available for oral use.
  • Bacteriologic studies to determine the causative organisms and their sensitivity to the penicillinase-resistant penicillins should always be performed. Duration of therapy varies with the type and severity of infection as well as the overall condition of the patient, therefore, it should be determined by the clinical and bacteriological response of the patient. In severe staphylococcal infections, therapy with penicillinase-resistant penicillins should be continued for at least 14 days. Therapy should be continued for at least 48 hours after the patient has become afebrile, asymptomatic, and cultures are negative. The treatment of endocarditis and osteomyelitis may require a longer term of therapy.
  • Concurrent administration of the penicillinase-resistant penicillins and probenecid increases and prolongs serum penicillin levels. Probenecid decreases the apparent volume of distribution and slows the rate of excretion by competitively inhibiting renal tubular secretion of penicillin. Penicillin-probenecid therapy is generally limited to those infections where very high serum levels of penicillin are necessary.
  • Oral preparations of the penicillinase-resistant penicillins should not be used as initial therapy in serious, life-threatening infections. Oral therapy with the penicillinase-resistant penicillins may be used to follow-up the previous use of a parenteral agent as soon as the clinical condition warrants. For intramuscular gluteal injections, care should be taken to avoid sciatic nerve injury. With intravenous administration, particularly in elderly patients, care should be taken because of the possibility of thrombophlebitis.
  • Dicloxacillin is best absorbed when taken on an empty stomach, and should be administered at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Dicloxacillin should be taken with at least 4 fluid ounces (120 mL) of water and should not be taken in the supine position or immediately before going to bed

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Dicloxacillin in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

  • Impetigo[1]
  • Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue[1]
  • Respiratory tract infection[2]

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Dicloxacillin FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Dicloxacillin in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Dicloxacillin in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Dicloxacillin in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Dicloxacillin during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Dicloxacillin in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Dicloxacillin in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Dicloxacillin Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Dicloxacillin01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Dicloxacillin Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Dicloxacillin in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Dicloxacillin interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL; et al. (2014). "Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 59 (2): 147–59. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu296. PMID 24947530.
  2. ↑ Kostis J, Bergen SS (1970). "Dicloxacillin therapy of infections by gram-positive organisms". Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 12 (1): 19–30. PMID 4983478.
  3. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  4. ↑ "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)

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