Diarrhea resident survival guide (pediatrics)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usman Ali Akbar, M.B.B.S.[2]
Synonyms and keywords:
| Diarrhea resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Overview
Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of preventable death in developing countries, especially among children under 5 years of age. Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the number of stools or the presence of looser stools than is normal, like more than three bowel movements each day. Acute diarrhea is when diarrhea occurs for less than 3 weeks total. When diarrhea lasts longer than three weeks, it is considered to be chronic.
Causes
| Life Threatening Causes | Common Causes | Misc |
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FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
- A Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation (FIRE) should be performed to identify the patients in need of immediate intervention].
| Patient presents with acute diarrhea in Emergency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mild Dehydration | Moderate Dehydration | Severe Dehydration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home with DGKJ information sheet, patient prescription, and dietary recommendations | Evidence of dehydration or > 8 watery stools in 24 hours or > 4 episodes of vomiting in 24 hours or < 6 months old | Dehydration > 9 % Shock, Impaired consciousness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ORS by spoon or syringe: Infants 5—9 kg: 2.0 mL every minute (120 mL/hr) Infants 9—12 kg: 2.5 mL every minute (150 mL/hr) Toddlers 12-15 kg: 3.0 mL every minute (180 mL/hr) If no vomiting, then larger volumes at longer intervals: 10-15 mL every 5 or 20-30 mL every 10 minutes Racecadotril in 5 mL of water) < 9 kg: 10 mg, 10-15 kg: 20 mg, 16-29 kg: 30 mg | Intensive care | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Complete Diagnostic Approach
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
| Patient with history of diarrhea | |||||||||||||||||
| Assessment A child with diarrhea should be assessed for dehydration | |||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.