Diarrhea resident survival guide (pediatrics)

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usman Ali Akbar, M.B.B.S.[2]

Synonyms and keywords:

Diarrhea resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters
Overview
Causes
FIRE
Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts

Overview

Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of preventable death in developing countries, especially among children under 5 years of age. Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the number of stools or the presence of looser stools than is normal, like more than three bowel movements each day. Acute diarrhea is when diarrhea occurs for less than 3 weeks total. When diarrhea lasts longer than three weeks, it is considered to be chronic.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes	Common Causes	Misc
Cholera Entamoeba histolytica Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) Campylobacter spp. Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica	Rotavirus. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Cryptosporidium Shigella spp.	Parenteral causes including infections elsewhere in the body : UTI,Acute otitis media, Sepsis. Inflammatory including IBD,Allergy to cow's milk , whipples disease. Malabsorption including celiac disease ,lactase deficiency Feed related Endocrine :Hypothyroidism,Addison's disease ,Hyperparathyroidism' Neoplastic causes psychosocial

FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation

• A Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation (FIRE) should be performed to identify the patients in need of immediate intervention].

Patient presents with acute diarrhea in Emergency

Mild Dehydration

Moderate Dehydration

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Complete Diagnostic Approach

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Treatment

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Do's

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

• The content in this section is in bullet points.