Diabetic retinopathy epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Afsaneh Morteza, MD-MPH [2]
Overview
Between 40 to 45 percent of Americans diagnosed with diabetes have some stage of diabetic retinopathy. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
After 20 years of diabetes, nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes and >60% of patients with type 2 diabetes have some degree of retinopathy. In the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy, 3.6% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 1.6% of type 2 diabetes were legally blind. In the type 1 diabetes, 86% of blindness was attributable to diabetic retinopathy. The cumulative incidence of any retinopathy in type 1 diabetes was 97%. In the type 2 diabetic patients, where other eye diseases were common, one-third of the cases of legal blindness were due to diabetic retinopathy. [2]
Genetics
There are evidence that not every diabetic patients has the same risk of diabetic retinopathy. Studies have shown that polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha play an important role in the risk of patients with diabetic retinopathy.[3]
References
- ↑ "NIHSeniorHealth: Diabetic Retinopathy - Causes and Risk Factors". Diabetic Retinopathy. NIHSenior Health. 2005.
- ↑ Hirai FE, Moss SE, Klein BE, Klein R (2008). "Relationship of glycemic control, exogenous insulin, and C-peptide levels to ischemic heart disease mortality over a 16-year period in people with older-onset diabetes: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR)". Diabetes Care. 31 (3): 493–7. doi:10.2337/dc07-1161. PMC 2773445. PMID 18025409.
- ↑ Paine SK, Sen A, Choudhuri S, Mondal LK, Chowdhury IH, Basu A; et al. (2012). "Association of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 promoter polymorphism with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic subjects". Retina. 32 (6): 1197–203. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e31822f55f3. PMID 22105495.