Diabetes mellitus type 1 natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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* In a control study patients with diabetes type 1 had significantly lower total body [[bone mineral density]] (BMD) z-score values. Lower levels of [[osteocalcin]], [[C-terminus|C-terminal]] telopeptide, [[calcium]], [[phosphorus]], and [[magnesium]] have been found in patients with [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]] compared to [[Scientific control|control group]].<ref name="LeãoFritz2020">{{cite journal|last1=Leão|first1=Andreia Araújo Porchat|last2=Fritz|first2=Camilla Kapp|last3=Dias|first3=Marcia Regina Messaggi Gomes|last4=Carvalho|first4=Julienne Angela Ramires|last5=Mascarenhas|first5=Luis Paulo Gomes|last6=Cat|first6=Mônica Nunes Lima|last7=Radominski|first7=Rosana|last8=Nesi-França|first8=Suzana|title=Bone mass and dietary intake in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus|journal=Journal of Diabetes and its Complications|volume=34|issue=6|year=2020|pages=107573|issn=10568727|doi=10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107573}}</ref> | |||
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Revision as of 20:38, 7 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
If left untreated, patients with [type 1 DM] may progress to develop complications of the hyperglycemia state, which commonly include diabetes ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state. Prognosis is generally good with compliance with medications.
Natural History
The symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus usually develop in the first and decade of life, and start with non-specific symptoms of classic new onset type 1 Diabetes mellitus or acute symptoms with diabetic ketoacidosis. Without treatment, the patient will develop complications of type 1 Diabetes mellitus.[1]
Complications
Complications for type 1 DM include:[2][3][4]
| Complications of Diabetes | |
|---|---|
| Acute complications due to hyperglycemia | |
| Microvascular complications | Eye disease
Neuropathy Sensory and motor (mono- and polyneuropathy) and Autonomic neuropathy Nephropathy (albuminuria and declining renal function) |
| Macrovascular complications | Coronary heart disease |
| Other | Gastrointestinal (gastroparesis, diarrhea)
Genitourinary (uropathy/sexual dysfunction) Cheiroarthropathya(thickened skin and reduced joint mobility) Periodontal disease Fatty liver disease, Osteoporosis (in type 1 diabetes) Low testosterone in men |
- In a control study patients with diabetes type 1 had significantly lower total body bone mineral density (BMD) z-score values. Lower levels of osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium have been found in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to control group.[5]
Prognosis
Diabetes is a lifelong disease and there is no cure. Tight control of blood glucose can prevent or delay diabetes complications. But these problems can occur, even in people with good diabetes control.[6]
References
- ↑ Achenbach P, Bonifacio E, Koczwara K, Ziegler AG (2005). "Natural history of type 1 diabetes". Diabetes. 54 Suppl 2: S25–31. PMID 16306336.
- ↑ "ADA".
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
- ↑ Leão, Andreia Araújo Porchat; Fritz, Camilla Kapp; Dias, Marcia Regina Messaggi Gomes; Carvalho, Julienne Angela Ramires; Mascarenhas, Luis Paulo Gomes; Cat, Mônica Nunes Lima; Radominski, Rosana; Nesi-França, Suzana (2020). "Bone mass and dietary intake in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus". Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 34 (6): 107573. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107573. ISSN 1056-8727.
- ↑ "Diabetes in control".