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| {{drugbox
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| | IUPAC_name = 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-ethane
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| | image = Desflurane2.png
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| | image2 = Desflurane-3D-balls.png
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| | CAS_number = 57041-67-5
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| | ATC_prefix = N01
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| | ATC_suffix = AB07
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| | ATC_supplemental =
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| | PubChem = 42113
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| | DrugBank = APRD00907
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| | C = 3 |H = 2 |F = 6 |O = 1
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| | molecular_weight = 168.038 g/mol
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| | bioavailability =
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| | protein_bound =
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| | metabolism = Not metabolized
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| | elimination_half-life = Elimination dependent on minute ventilation
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration =
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| }}
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| '''Desflurane''' (2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-ethane) is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of [[general anaesthesia]]. Together with [[sevoflurane]], it is gradually replacing [[isoflurane]] for human use, except in the third world where its high cost precludes its use. It has the most rapid onset and offset of the [[volatile anaesthetic]] drugs used for [[general anaesthesia]] due to its low solubility in blood.
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| The major drawbacks of desflurane are its low potency, its pungency and its high cost. It may cause [[tachycardia]] and airway irritability when administered at concentrations greater than 10 vol%. Due to this airway irritability, Desflurane is infrequently used to induce anesthesia via inhalation techniques.
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| Though it vaporises very readily, it is a liquid at room temperature. [[Anaesthetic machine]]s are fitted with a specialized [[anaesthetic vaporiser]] unit that heats liquid desflurane to a constant temperature. This enables the agent to be available at a constant vapor pressure, negating the effects that fluctuating ambient temperatures would otherwise have on its concentration imparted into the fresh gas flow of the anesthesia machine.
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| Desflurane, along with [[enflurane]] and to a lesser extent [[isoflurane]], has been shown to react with the [[carbon dioxide]] absorbant in anesthesia circuits to produce detectable levels of [[carbon monoxide]] through degradation of the anesthetic agent. Baralyme appears less prone to cause this degradation than [[soda lime]]. Dry conditions in the carbon dioxide absorbant are conducive to this phenomenon, such as those resulting from high fresh gas flows.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/cgi/reprint/80/6/1187.pdf |title=Carbon Monoxide Production from Degradation of Desflurane |author=Fang, et. al. |date=1995 |publisher=Anesthesia and Analgesia |language=English}}</ref>
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| ===Physical properties===
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| {|
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| |[[Boiling point]] : ||align=right| 23.5 °C ||(at 1 [[atmosphere (unit)|atm]])
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| |-
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| |[[Density]] : || 1.465 g/cm³|| (at 20 °C)
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| |-
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| |[[Molecular Weight]] : ||align=right| 168||
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| |-
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| |[[Vapor pressure]]: ||align=right| 88.5 kPa ||align=right| 672 mmHg|| (at 20 °C)
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| |-
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| | ||align=right| 107 kPa ||align=right|804 mmHg || (at 24 °C)
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| |-
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| |Blood:Gas partition coefficient : ||align=right| 0.42 ||
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| |-
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| |Oil:Gas partition coefficient : ||align=right| 19 ||
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| |-
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| |[[Minimum alveolar concentration|MAC]] : ||align=right| 6 vol % ||
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| |-
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| |}
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| ===Book references===
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| * Eger, Eisenkraft, Weiskopf. ''The Pharmacology of Inhaled Anesthetics''. 2003.
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| * Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore. ''Pharmacology 5th Edition''. 2003.
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| {{General anesthetics}}
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| [[Category:Anesthetics]]
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| [[Category:Ethers]]
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| [[Category:Organofluorides]]
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| [[de:Desfluran]]
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| [[fr:Desflurane]]
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| [[it:Desflurano]]
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| [[nl:Desfluraan]]
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| [[sv:Desfluran]]
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
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