|
|
| (29 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
| | __NOTOC__ |
| Name = Dengue fever |
| | {{About1|Dengue virus}} |
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|90||a|00}} |
| | '''For patient information, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]].''' |
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|061}} |
| |
| DiseasesDB = 3564 |
| |
| MedlinePlus = 001374 |
| |
| MeshName = Dengue |
| |
| MeshNumber = C02.782.417.214 |
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Taxobox | color=violet | |
| | name = ''Dengue virus''
| |
| | image = Dengue.jpg
| |
| | image_caption = A [[Transmission electron microscopy|TEM]] [[micrograph]] showing dengue virus.
| |
| | virus_group = iv
| |
| | familia = ''[[Flaviviridae]]''
| |
| | genus = ''[[Flavivirus]]'' | |
| | species = '''''Dengue virus'''''
| |
| }} | |
| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | |
|
| |
|
| {{Dengue fever}} | | {{Dengue fever}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}};{{AE}} {{KS}} |
| | |
| | {{SK}} Dengue, Bonecrusher disease, Breakbone fever |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever overview|Overview]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Dengue fever classification|Classification]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever causes|Causes]]== |
| | |
| ==[[Dengue fever risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever screening|Screening]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever differential diagnosis|Differentiating Dengue fever from other Diseases]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever causes|Causes]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever differential diagnosis|Differentiating Dengue fever]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Dengue fever natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]== | | ==[[Dengue fever natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| [[Dengue fever history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Dengue fever physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Dengue fever laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Dengue fever electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Dengue fever x ray|X Rays]] | [[Dengue fever CT|CT]] | [[Dengue fever MRI|MRI]] [[Dengue fever echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Dengue fever other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Dengue fever other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]] | | |
| | [[Dengue fever history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Dengue fever physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Dengue fever laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Dengue fever other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Dengue fever other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
|
| |
|
| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| [[Dengue fever medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Dengue fever surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Dengue fever primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Dengue fever secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Dengue fever cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Dengue fever future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
| |
|
| |
| == Potential antiviral approaches ==
| |
| In cell culture experiments<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15795296 Inhibition of dsdengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 in vero cell cultures with morpholino oligomers.] Kinney RM et al, PMID: 15795296. Retrieved [[8 October]] 2006. </ref> and mice <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17344287 Antiviral effects of antisense morpholino oligomers in murine coronavirus infection models.] Burrer R et al., PMID: 17344287. Retrieved [[2 April]] 2007.
| |
| </ref> [[Morpholino]] antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.
| |
|
| |
| The [[yellow fever]] [[vaccine]] (YF-17D) is a related Flavivirus, thus the [[chimera|chimeric]] replacement of yellow fever vaccine with dengue has been often suggested but no full scale studies have been conducted to date.<sup>[http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/full/203/2/413]</sup>
| |
|
| |
| In 2002 the Swiss pharmaceutical company [http://www.novartis.com Novartis] and the Singapore Economic Development board created the Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases [http://www.nitd.novartis.com (NITD)]. NITD is a public-private partnership that researches neglected tropical diseases. NITD's dengue unit is researching an anti-viral drug to treat or prevent dengue fever.
| |
|
| |
| In 2006, a group of Argentine scientists directed by Andrea Gamarnik discovered the molecular replication mechanism of the virus, which could be attacked by disruption of the [[RNA polymerase|polymerase]]'s work.<ref>Claudia V. Filomatori, Maria F. Lodeiro, Diego E. Alvarez, Marcelo M. Samsa, Lía Pietrasanta, and Andrea V. Gamarnik. ''A 5' RNA element promotes dengue virus RNA synthesis on a circular genome''. Genes & Development, August 2006.</ref>
| |
|
| |
| In 2007 the World Community Grid launched a project where by computer modeling of the Dengue Fever Virus (and related viruses) thousands of small molecules are screened for their potential anti-viral properties in fighting the Dengue Fever Virus. This project by use of computer simulations seeks out medicines to directly attack the virus once a person is infected. This is a distributed process project similar to SETI@Home where the general public downloads the World Community Grid agent and the program (along with thousands of other users) screens thousands of molecules while their computer would be otherwise idle. If the user needs to use the computer the program sleeps. There are several different projects running, including a similar one screening for anti-AIDS drugs. The project covering the Dengue Fever virus is called "Discovering Dengue Drugs – Together." The software and information about the project can be found at:
| |
|
| |
| *[http://www.worldcommunitygrid.org World Community Grid web site]
| |
|
| |
| == Recent outbreaks ==
| |
| [[Image:Luchemos todos contra el dengue.jpg|thumb|right|280px|A public service ad teaching people how to prevent dengue and yellow fever, in Encarnación, Paraguay (2007)]]
| |
| {{2005 dengue outbreak tally}}
| |
| During the first months of 2007 over 16,000 cases have been reported in Paraguay, of which around 100 have been detected as DHF cases. This new epidemic is expected to continue in Paraguay for several months, given the forecast of continuous rain all through the summer. Ten deaths have also been reported, including recently a high ranking member of the Ministry of Health. The epidemic has been the root of a scandal in the Paraguayan Department of Health, where one official has resigned because he had approved the use of expired batches of insecticide to control the mosquito vectors of dengue.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC News|date=2 March 2007|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6407287.stm|title=Dengue sparks Paraguay emergency|accessdate=2007-06-19}}</ref><ref name="Paraguay2007">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6422319.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=6 March 2007|accessdate=2007-06-19|title=Paraguay dengue official sacked}}</ref> The disease has propagated to Argentina (where it is not considered endemic), in almost all cases by people who recently arrived from Paraguay.<ref>Clarín, 22 February 2007. [http://www.clarin.com/diario/2007/02/22/sociedad/s-02906.htm Hay 93 casos de dengue].</ref> In the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, which borders on Paraguay, the number of cases in March 2007 is estimated to be more than 45,000.<ref name="Paraguay2007"/> Epidemics in the states of Ceará, Pará, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro have taken the Brazilian national tally of cases this year to over 70,000, with upwards of 20 deaths. The proportion of cases registered as DHF is reported to be higher than in previous years.
| |
|
| |
|
| === Americas ===
| | [[Dengue fever medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Dengue fever primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Dengue fever secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Dengue fever cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Dengue fever future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| * Puerto Rico: <ref name=PRoutbreak>{{cite news
| |
| | title = Dengue fever surging in Puerto Rico
| |
| | language = English
| |
| | publisher = MSNBC, Telemundo
| |
| | date = Aug. 08, 2007
| |
| | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20181559/
| |
| | accessdate = 2007-26-09}}</ref>(August 2007) 2,343 confirmed cases of dengue.
| |
| * Dominican Republic: <ref name=DRoutbreak>{{cite news
| |
| | last = Batista
| |
| | first = L.
| |
| | coauthors = A Santiago Díaz
| |
| | title = Más de 4,968 afectados por dengue.
| |
| | language = Spanish
| |
| | publisher = Diario Libre
| |
| | date =
| |
| | url = http://www.diariolibre.com/app/article.aspx?id=82889
| |
| | accessdate = 2006-10-19}}</ref>(August – October 2006) 4,968 cases with 44 dead.
| |
| * Cuba: Media reports <ref name=cubaoutbreak1>{{cite news
| |
| | title = Protecting the Revolution
| |
| | publisher = Strategypage.com
| |
| | date = September 17, 2006
| |
| | url = http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htiw/articles/20060917.aspx
| |
| | accessdate = 2006-10-07}}</ref><ref name=cubaoutbreak2>{{cite news
| |
| | last = Acosta
| |
| | first = Dalia
| |
| | title = War on Mosquitoes Continues During Global Summit
| |
| | publisher = Inter Press Service
| |
| | date = 2006-09-12
| |
| | url = http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=34694
| |
| | accessdate = 2006-10-07}}</ref><ref name=cubaoutbreak3>{{cite news
| |
| | title = Cuba wages war on tiny enemy
| |
| | publisher = Independent Online, South Africa
| |
| | date = September 25, 2006
| |
| | url = http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=31&art_id=qw1159129981777B214
| |
| | accessdate = 2006-10-07 }}</ref><ref name=cubaoutbreak4>{{cite news
| |
| | title = Cuba waging war against dengue fever
| |
| | publisher = Miami Herald
| |
| | date = October 7, 2006
| |
| | url = http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/world/cuba/15700825.htm
| |
| | accessdate = 2006-10-07 }}</ref> (dated September and October 2006) speculate on an outbreak although there is no official report.
| |
|
| |
|
| === Asia Pacific === | | ==Case Studies== |
| * Australia: 2006 March 15, 2 confirmed cases at Gordonvale, Cairns, Queensland.
| |
| * China: September 2006, 70 cases since June in Guangzhou,Guangdong.<ref>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2006/08/29/2003325364 China, Dengue Fever Cases Jump], ''Taipei Times'', 29 August, 2006.</ref>
| |
| * Cook Islands: <ref name=cookislandsoutbreak>{{cite news
| |
| | title = 460 people in Cook Islands affected by Dengue Fever outbreak
| |
| | publisher = Radio New Zealand International
| |
| | date = 15 January, 2007
| |
| | url = http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=29493
| |
| | accessdate = 2007-01-15 }}</ref>(October 2006-January 2007) 460 cases.
| |
| * India: 2006 September, more than 400 cases and 22 deaths were reported due to dengue fever in New Delhi. <ref> http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/10/02/asia/AS_GEN_India_Dengue_Outbreak.php International Herald Tribune, Associated Press News, Published: October 2, 2006 & Accessed on: October 2, 2006]</ref> By October 7, 2006, reports were of 3,331 cases of the mosquito-borne virus and a death toll of 49. <ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20061007/wl_asia_afp/indiahealthdengue_061007200413 India says dengue outbreak serious as death toll rises] Pratap Chakravarty, news.yahoo.com, 7 October 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2006. </ref>
| |
| * Indonesia: 2004 80,000 infected with 800 deaths.
| |
| * Malaysia: January 2005 33,203 cases.
| |
| * Pakistan: 2006 Over 3230 cases, 50 deaths.
| |
| ** Karachi 2006 October, the number of infected patients rose to 1836 of which 30 had died.
| |
| ** Lahore, 2006 October 23, the disease shifted to Lahore during the holidays with the luggage of some people travelling to their homes to celebrate Eid. The number of infected patients is 400 by October 31, of which 4 had died.
| |
| * Philippines: <ref name=philippinesoutbreak>{{cite news
| |
| | last = Santos
| |
| | first = Tina
| |
| | title = DOH names dengue-hit areas in metropolis
| |
| | publisher = Philippine Daily Inquirer
| |
| | date = September 10, 2006
| |
| | url = http://newsinfo.inq7.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view_article.php?article_id=20064
| |
| | accessdate = 2006-10-07 }}</ref>(January - August 2006) 13,468 cases with 167 dead.
| |
| * Singapore: 2007 more than 4029 cases, 8 deaths at 29 Sept.. 2005 at least 13 deaths. 2004 9460 cases. 2003, 4788 cases.
| |
| * Thailand: 2005 May, 7200 infected. At least 12 dead.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==History==
| | [[Dengue fever case study one|Case #1]] |
| ===Etymology of "dengue"===
| |
| The origins of the word are not clear, but one theory is that it is derived from the Swahili phrase "Ka-dinga pepo", which describes the disease as being caused by an evil spirit.<ref>[http://www.cbwinfo.com/Biological/Pathogens/DENV.html Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents]</ref> The Swahili word "dinga" may possibly have its origin in the Spanish word "dengue" (fastidious or careful), describing the gait of a person suffering dengue fever,<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=dengue Etymonline entry]</ref> or, alternatively, the Spanish word may derive from the Swahili.<ref>{{cite journal | author = | title = etomologia: dengue | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | year = 2006 | volume = 12 |number= 6 | pages = 893 | url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no06/pdfs/etymology.pdf }}</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ===History of the Disease=== | | ==See Also== |
| Outbreaks ''resembling'' dengue fever have been reported throughout history.<ref name=Gubler_1998>{{cite journal |author=Gubler D |title=Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever |journal=Clin Microbiol Rev |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=480-96 |year=1998 |id=PMID 9665979}}</ref> The first definitive case report dates from 1789 and is attributed to [[Benjamin Rush]], who coined the term "breakbone fever" (because of the symptoms of [[myalgia]] and [[arthralgia]]). The viral [[etiology]] and the transmission by mosquitoes were only deciphered in the 20th century. Population movements during World War II spread the disease globally.
| |
|
| |
|
| == See also ==
| |
| * [[Tropical disease]] | | * [[Tropical disease]] |
| * 2006 dengue outbreak in Pakistan
| |
| * 2005 dengue outbreak in Singapore
| |
| * 2006 dengue outbreak in India
| |
| * [[Chikungunya]] | | * [[Chikungunya]] |
| * Joseph Franklin Siler | | * [[Joseph Franklin Siler]] |
|
| |
|
| ==Footnotes== | | ==External links== |
|
| |
|
| {{Reflist|2}}
| | * [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/dengue/index.htm CDC on Dengue Fever] |
|
| |
|
| ==References==
| | [[Category:Biological weapons]] |
| * [http://www.elsevier-international.com/catalogue/title.cfm?ISBN=0702026409 Manson's Tropical Diseases]
| |
| * [http://www.ppidonline.com/ Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases]
| |
| * [http://www.cecilmedicine.com/buy.cfm?book=goldman Cecil Textbook of Medicine]
| |
| * [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Medicine/PrimaryCare/?ci=0192629220&view=usa The Oxford Textbook of Medicine]
| |
| * [http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/medical/harrisons/ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine]
| |
| * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001374.htm]
| |
| * Theiler, Max and Downs, W. G. 1973. ''The Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates: An Account of The Rockefeller Foundation Virus Program 1951-1970''. Yale University Press.
| |
| * Downs, Wilbur H., et al. 1965. ''Virus diseases in the West Indies''. Special edition of the ''Caribbean Medical Journal'', Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, 1965.
| |
| * Earle, k. Vigors. 1965. "Notes on the Dengue epidemic at Point Fortin." The ''Caribbean Medical Journal'', Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, pp. 157-164.
| |
| * Hill, A. Edward. 1965. "Isolation of Dengue Virus from a Human Being in Trinidad." ''Virus diseases in the West Indies''. The ''Caribbean Medical Journal'', Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, pp. 83-84; "Dengue and Related Fevers in Trinidad and Tobago." ''Ibid'', pp. 91-96.
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| *[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/dengue/index.htm CDC site on Dengue Fever].
| |
| *[http://www.dengueinfo.org/ Dengueinfo.org] - Resources & depository of Dengue Virus genomic sequences for biomedical researchers.
| |
| *[http://www.midengue.com.br/ M.I. Dengue] - Brazilian world awarded system to monitor and control the Dengue Mosquito
| |
| {{Viral diseases}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Viral diseases]] | |
| [[Category:Flaviviruses]] | | [[Category:Flaviviruses]] |
| [[Category:Tropical disease]]
| |
| [[Category:Hemorrhagic fevers]] | | [[Category:Hemorrhagic fevers]] |
| [[Category:Insect-borne diseases]] | | [[Category:Insect-borne diseases]] |
| [[Category:Biological weapons]] | | [[Category:Neglected diseases]] |
| | [[Category:Tropical disease]] |
| | [[Category:Viral diseases]] |
| | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] |
| | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
| [[Category:Neglected diseases]] | | [[Category:Hematology]] |
| [[Category:Mature chapter]] | | [[Category:Cardiology]] |
| | | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| [[ar:دنجي]] | |
| [[zh-min-nan:Thian-káu-jia̍t]]
| |
| [[bg:Денга]]
| |
| [[ca:Dengue]]
| |
| [[da:Denguefeber]]
| |
| [[de:Dengue-Fieber]]
| |
| [[es:Dengue]]
| |
| [[eo:Dengo]]
| |
| [[fr:Dengue]]
| |
| [[hr:Dengue groznica]]
| |
| [[id:Demam berdarah]]
| |
| [[ia:Dengue]]
| |
| [[it:Dengue]]
| |
| [[ms:Demam Denggi]]
| |
| [[nl:Dengue]]
| |
| [[ja:デング熱]]
| |
| [[no:Dengue]]
| |
| [[pl:Denga]]
| |
| [[pt:Dengue]]
| |
| [[si:ඩෙංගි උණ]]
| |
| [[sk:Horúčka dengue]]
| |
| [[sr:Денга грозница]]
| |
| [[fi:Denguekuume]]
| |
| [[sv:Denguefeber]]
| |
| [[ta:டெங்கு காய்ச்சல்]]
| |
| [[th:โรคไข้เลือดออก]]
| |
| [[vi:Sốt xuất huyết Dengue]]
| |
| [[zh:骨痛熱症]]
| |
| | |
| {{SIB}}
| |
| | |
| {{WH}}
| |
| {{WS}}
| |