DKK3: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 02:13, 15 January 2019

Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DKK3 gene.^[1]^[2]

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.^[2]

References

↑ Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA (Dec 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)".

Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, et al. (1997). "Large-Scale Concatenation cDNA Sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Tsuji T, Miyazaki M, Sakaguchi M, et al. (2000). "A REIC gene shows down-regulation in human immortalized cells and human tumor-derived cell lines". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268 (1): 20–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2067. PMID 10652205.
Kobayashi K, Ouchida M, Tsuji T, et al. (2002). "Reduced expression of the REIC/Dkk-3 gene by promoter-hypermethylation in human tumor cells". Gene. 282 (1–2): 151–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00838-1. PMID 11814687.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Mao B, Niehrs C (2003). "Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling". Gene. 302 (1–2): 179–83. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X. PMID 12527209.
Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Kurose K, Sakaguchi M, Nasu Y, et al. (2004). "Decreased expression of REIC/Dkk-3 in human renal clear cell carcinoma". J. Urol. 171 (3): 1314–8. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000101047.64379.d4. PMID 14767340.
Hoang BH, Kubo T, Healey JH, et al. (2004). "Dickkopf 3 inhibits invasion and motility of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by modulating the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway". Cancer Res. 64 (8): 2734–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1952. PMID 15087387.
Roman-Gomez J, Jimenez-Velasco A, Agirre X, et al. (2004). "Transcriptional silencing of the Dickkopfs-3 (Dkk-3) gene by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia". Br. J. Cancer. 91 (4): 707–13. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602008. PMC 2364778. PMID 15226763.
Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (2005). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites". Protein Sci. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Hsieh SY, Hsieh PS, Chiu CT, Chen WY (2005). "Dickkopf-3/REIC functions as a suppressor gene of tumor growth". Oncogene. 23 (57): 9183–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208138. PMID 15516983.
Ftouh S, Akbar MT, Hirsch SR, de Belleroche JS (2005). "Down-regulation of Dickkopf 3, a regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, in elderly schizophrenic subjects". J. Neurochem. 94 (2): 520–30. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03239.x. PMID 15998302.
Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F, et al. (2006). "Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma". Oncogene. 25 (36): 5027–36. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209508. PMID 16568085.
Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, et al. (2006). "Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection". Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (7 Pt 1): 2109–16. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2468. PMID 16609023.
Veeck J, Bektas N, Hartmann A, et al. (2008). "Wnt signalling in human breast cancer: expression of the putative Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is frequently suppressed by promoter hypermethylation in mammary tumours". Breast Cancer Res. 10 (R82): R82. doi:10.1186/bcr2151. PMC 2614517. PMID 18826564.
Veeck J, Wild PJ, Fuchs T, et al. (2009). "Prognostic relevance of Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1) and Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) promoter methylation in human breast cancer". BMC Cancer. 9: 217. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-217. PMC 2717119. PMID 19570204.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 11 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[pmid10570958-1] Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA (Dec 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.

[entrez-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)".

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
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-}}
-<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
+{{Infobox_gene}}
-{{GNF_Protein_box
+'''Dickkopf-related protein 3''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''DKK3'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10570958">{{cite journal | vauthors = Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA | title = Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family | journal = Gene | volume = 238 | issue = 2 | pages = 301–13 |date=Dec 1999 | pmid = 10570958 | pmc =  | doi =10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0  }}</ref><ref name="entrez"/>
- | image =
- | image_source =
- | PDB =
- | Name = Dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)
- | HGNCid = 2893
- | Symbol = DKK3
- | AltSymbols =; REIC
- | OMIM = 605416
- | ECnumber =
- | Homologene = 8303
- | MGIid = 1354952
- | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_DKK3_202196_s_at_tn.png
- | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_DKK3_214247_s_at_tn.png
- | Function =
- | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
- | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009653 |text = anatomical structure morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016055 |text = Wnt receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030178 |text = negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway}}
- | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
-    | Hs_EntrezGene = 27122
-    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000050165
-    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001018067
-    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001018057
-    | Hs_GenLoc_db =
-    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
-    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 11941123
-    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 11987493
-    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9UBP4
-    | Mm_EntrezGene = 50781
-    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030772
-    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_015814
-    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_056629
-    | Mm_GenLoc_db =
-    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
-    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 111907200
-    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 111950238
-    | Mm_Uniprot = Q9QUN9
-  }}
-}}
-'''Dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)''', also known as '''DKK3''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=27122| accessdate = }}</ref>
 <!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
 {{PBB_Summary
 | section_title =
-| summary_text = This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=27122| accessdate = }}</ref>
+| summary_text = This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the [[dickkopf]] family. The secreted protein contains two [[cysteine]] rich regions and is involved in [[embryonic]] development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=27122| accessdate = }}</ref>
 }}
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{reflist}}
 ==Further reading==
 {{refbegin | 2}}
 {{PBB_Further_reading
 | citations =
-*{{cite journal  | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, ''et al.'' |title=A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction. |journal=Anal. Biochem. |volume=236 |issue= 1 |pages= 107-13 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619474 |doi= 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY |title=A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction |journal=Anal. Biochem. |volume=236 |issue= 1 |pages= 107–13 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619474 |doi= 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 353-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9110174 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC |title=Large-Scale Concatenation cDNA Sequencing |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 353–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9110174 |doi=  10.1101/gr.7.4.353| pmc=139146  |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3  |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, ''et al.'' |title=Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family. |journal=Gene |volume=238 |issue= 2 |pages= 301-13 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10570958 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Tsuji T, Miyazaki M, Sakaguchi M |title=A REIC gene shows down-regulation in human immortalized cells and human tumor-derived cell lines |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=268 |issue= 1 |pages= 20–4 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10652205 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.2067 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Tsuji T, Miyazaki M, Sakaguchi M, ''et al.'' |title=A REIC gene shows down-regulation in human immortalized cells and human tumor-derived cell lines. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=268 |issue= 1 |pages= 20-4 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10652205 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.2067 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kobayashi K, Ouchida M, Tsuji T |title=Reduced expression of the REIC/Dkk-3 gene by promoter-hypermethylation in human tumor cells |journal=Gene |volume=282 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 151–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11814687 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00838-1  |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Kobayashi K, Ouchida M, Tsuji T, ''et al.'' |title=Reduced expression of the REIC/Dkk-3 gene by promoter-hypermethylation in human tumor cells. |journal=Gene |volume=282 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 151-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11814687 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Mao B, Niehrs C |title=Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling |journal=Gene |volume=302 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 179–83 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12527209 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Mao B, Niehrs C |title=Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling. |journal=Gene |volume=302 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 179-83 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12527209 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E |title=The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003  | pmc=403697 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, ''et al.'' |title=The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265-70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kurose K, Sakaguchi M, Nasu Y |title=Decreased expression of REIC/Dkk-3 in human renal clear cell carcinoma |journal=J. Urol. |volume=171 |issue= 3 |pages= 1314–8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14767340 |doi= 10.1097/01.ju.0000101047.64379.d4 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Kurose K, Sakaguchi M, Nasu Y, ''et al.'' |title=Decreased expression of REIC/Dkk-3 in human renal clear cell carcinoma. |journal=J. Urol. |volume=171 |issue= 3 |pages= 1314-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14767340 |doi= 10.1097/01.ju.0000101047.64379.d4 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Hoang BH, Kubo T, Healey JH |title=Dickkopf 3 inhibits invasion and motility of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by modulating the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=64 |issue= 8 |pages= 2734–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15087387 |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1952  |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Hoang BH, Kubo T, Healey JH, ''et al.'' |title=Dickkopf 3 inhibits invasion and motility of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by modulating the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=64 |issue= 8 |pages= 2734-9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15087387 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Roman-Gomez J, Jimenez-Velasco A, Agirre X |title=Transcriptional silencing of the Dickkopfs-3 (Dkk-3) gene by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=91 |issue= 4 |pages= 707–13 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15226763 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602008  | pmc=2364778 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Roman-Gomez J, Jimenez-Velasco A, Agirre X, ''et al.'' |title=Transcriptional silencing of the Dickkopfs-3 (Dkk-3) gene by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=91 |issue= 4 |pages= 707-13 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15226763 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602008 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Zhang Z, Henzel WJ |title=Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2819–24 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15340161 |doi= 10.1110/ps.04682504  | pmc=2286551 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Zhang Z, Henzel WJ |title=Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2819-24 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15340161 |doi= 10.1110/ps.04682504 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Hsieh SY, Hsieh PS, Chiu CT, Chen WY |title=Dickkopf-3/REIC functions as a suppressor gene of tumor growth |journal=Oncogene |volume=23 |issue= 57 |pages= 9183–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15516983 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1208138 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Hsieh SY, Hsieh PS, Chiu CT, Chen WY |title=Dickkopf-3/REIC functions as a suppressor gene of tumor growth. |journal=Oncogene |volume=23 |issue= 57 |pages= 9183-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15516983 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1208138 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ftouh S, Akbar MT, Hirsch SR, de Belleroche JS |title=Down-regulation of Dickkopf 3, a regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, in elderly schizophrenic subjects |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=94 |issue= 2 |pages= 520–30 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15998302 |doi= 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03239.x }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Ftouh S, Akbar MT, Hirsch SR, de Belleroche JS |title=Down-regulation of Dickkopf 3, a regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, in elderly schizophrenic subjects. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=94 |issue= 2 |pages= 520-30 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15998302 |doi= 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03239.x }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F |title=Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 36 |pages= 5027–36 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16568085 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1209508 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma. |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 36 |pages= 5027-36 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16568085 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1209508 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H |title=Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=12 |issue= 7 Pt 1 |pages= 2109–16 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16609023 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2468 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, ''et al.'' |title=Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection. |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=12 |issue= 7 Pt 1 |pages= 2109-16 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16609023 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2468 }}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Veeck J, Bektas N, Hartmann A |title=Wnt signalling in human breast cancer: expression of the putative Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is frequently suppressed by promoter hypermethylation in mammary tumours |journal=Breast Cancer Res. |volume=10 |issue= R82  |year= 2008 |pmid= 18826564 |doi= 10.1186/bcr2151  | pages=R82  | pmc=2614517 |display-authors=etal}}
+*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Veeck J, Wild PJ, Fuchs T |title=Prognostic relevance of Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1) and Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) promoter methylation in human breast cancer |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=9  |year= 2009 |pmid= 19570204 |doi= 10.1186/1471-2407-9-217  | pages=217  | pmc=2717119 |display-authors=etal}}
 }}
 {{refend}}
-{{protein-stub}}
+<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
+{{PBB_Controls
+| update_page = yes
+| require_manual_inspection = no
+| update_protein_box = yes
+| update_summary = yes
+| update_citations = yes
+}}
+{{gene-11-stub}}

DKK3: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:13, 15 January 2019

References

Further reading

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