Cysticercosis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Natural History

Most of the cases are asymptoamtic for long times. Symptoms and signs arise in some patients with cyst degeneration and subsequent provocation of the immune system.

Complications

Intestinal Tapeworm infection

Tapeworm can grow inside the digestive tract and reach a length of 30 feet. It can cause obstruction at various sites in the GIT as:

CNS cysticercosis

Seizures
Neurological deficits
Hydrocephalus (80%)^[1]
Cerebral infarcts (64%)
Mental disorders (43%)

Ocular cysticercosis

Cysticerci can be located anywhere in the orbit .. in the retina, subretinal space, vitreous, anterior chamber or even in the extraocular muscles. Many patients go asymptomatic while others may have:

Chorioretinitis
Retinal detachment
Blindness in advanced cases after 3-5 years^[2]

Prognosis

Prognosis differs from patient to patient and depends on the site and number of cysts.
On neuroimaging, single ring enhancing lesion is associated with better prognosis. (17)

References

↑ Cantú C, Barinagarrementeria F (1996). "Cerebrovascular complications of neurocysticercosis. Clinical and neuroimaging spectrum". Arch. Neurol. 53 (3): 233–9. PMID 8651876.
↑ Sharma T, Sinha S, Shah N, Gopal L, Shanmugam MP, Bhende P, Bhende M, Shetty NS, Agrawal R, Deshpande D, Biswas J, Sukumar B (2003). "Intraocular cysticercosis: clinical characteristics and visual outcome after vitreoretinal surgery". Ophthalmology. 110 (5): 996–1004. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00096-4. PMID 12750103.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid8651876-1] Cantú C, Barinagarrementeria F (1996). "Cerebrovascular complications of neurocysticercosis. Clinical and neuroimaging spectrum". Arch. Neurol. 53 (3): 233–9. PMID 8651876.

[pmid12750103-2] Sharma T, Sinha S, Shah N, Gopal L, Shanmugam MP, Bhende P, Bhende M, Shetty NS, Agrawal R, Deshpande D, Biswas J, Sukumar B (2003). "Intraocular cysticercosis: clinical characteristics and visual outcome after vitreoretinal surgery". Ophthalmology. 110 (5): 996–1004. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00096-4. PMID 12750103.

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