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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Secondary prevention]] strategies following conjunctivitis include discontinued [[contact lens]] wear (infective conjunctivitis), [[ocular]] [[prophylaxis]] with 0.5% [[erythromycin]] [[ointment]] or 1% [[tetracycline hydrochloride]] ([[ophthalmia neonatorum]]) and avoiding the offending [[antigen]] ([[allergic conjunctivitis]]).  
[[Secondary prevention]] strategies following conjunctivitis include discontinued [[contact lens]] wear (infective conjunctivitis), ocular [[prophylaxis]] with 0.5% [[erythromycin]] ointment or 1% [[tetracycline hydrochloride]] ([[ophthalmia neonatorum]]), and avoiding the offending [[antigen]] ([[allergic conjunctivitis]]).  
Secondary prevention strategies following [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include avoiding very dry environments, dusty and smoky areas and prolonged [[visual]] tasks.
Secondary prevention strategies following [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include avoiding very dry environments, dusty areas, and prolonged [[visual]] tasks.
There is no established method for secondary prevention of [[superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis|superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)]]. However, educating patients about disease process can improve [[compliance]] of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged [[symptoms]].<ref name="pmid17696792">{{cite journal| author=Rose P| title=Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review. | journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother | year= 2007 | volume= 8 | issue= 12 | pages= 1903-21 | pmid=17696792 | doi=10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17696792  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue=  | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue=  | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351  }} </ref>
There is no established method for secondary prevention of [[superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis|superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)]]. However, educating patients about disease process can improve [[compliance]] of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged [[symptoms]].<ref name="pmid17696792">{{cite journal| author=Rose P| title=Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review. | journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother | year= 2007 | volume= 8 | issue= 12 | pages= 1903-21 | pmid=17696792 | doi=10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17696792  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue=  | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue=  | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351  }} </ref>


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* Discontinued [[contact lens]] wear ('''infective Conjunctivitis''')
* Discontinued [[contact lens]] wear ('''infective Conjunctivitis''')
===Neonatal Conjunctivitis===
===Neonatal Conjunctivitis===
Effective measures for the [[secondary prevention]] of neonatal conjunctivitis ([[ophthalmia neonatorum]]) include:<ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191  }} </ref>
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis ([[ophthalmia neonatorum]]) include:<ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191  }} </ref>
* [[Ocular]] [[prophylaxis]] with 0.5% [[erythromycin]] [[ointment]] or 1% [[tetracycline hydrochloride]] be given to all newborns.
*Ocular [[prophylaxis]] with 0.5% [[erythromycin]] [[ointment]] or 1% [[tetracycline hydrochloride]] be given to all newborns.
===Allergic conjunctivitis===
===Allergic conjunctivitis===
Effective measures for the [[secondary prevention]] of [[allergic conjunctivitis]] include:<ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue=  | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516  }} </ref>
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [[allergic conjunctivitis]] include:<ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue=  | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516  }} </ref>
* Avoiding the offending [[antigen]]
* Avoiding the offending [[antigen]]
* Discontinued [[contact lens]] wear
* Discontinued contact lens wear
===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca===  
===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca===  
Effective measures for the [[secondary prevention]] of [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include:<ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388  }} </ref>
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include:<ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388  }} </ref>
*Avoiding very dry environments (Furnaces and air conditioning can dry the air)  
*Avoiding very dry environments (Furnaces and air conditioning can dry the air)  
*Using a humidifier (puts moisture back into the air to prevent [[dry eyes]])
*Using a humidifier (puts moisture back into the air to prevent [[dry eyes]])
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*Avoiding prolonged [[visual]] tasks (staring at a computer screen, driving, watching television, and reading)
*Avoiding prolonged [[visual]] tasks (staring at a computer screen, driving, watching television, and reading)
===Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis===
===Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis===
There is no established method for [[secondary prevention]] of [[superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis|superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)]]. However, educating patients about disease process can improve [[compliance]] of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged [[symptoms]].<ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue=  | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351  }} </ref>
There is no established method for secondary prevention of [[superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis|superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)]]. However, educating patients about disease process can improve [[compliance]] of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged [[symptoms]].<ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue=  | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351  }} </ref>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 17:27, 11 July 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]

Overview

Secondary prevention strategies following conjunctivitis include discontinued contact lens wear (infective conjunctivitis), ocular prophylaxis with 0.5% erythromycin ointment or 1% tetracycline hydrochloride (ophthalmia neonatorum), and avoiding the offending antigen (allergic conjunctivitis). Secondary prevention strategies following keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) include avoiding very dry environments, dusty areas, and prolonged visual tasks. There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). However, educating patients about disease process can improve compliance of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.[1][2][3][4][5]

Secondary Prevention

Infective Conjunctivitis

Effective measure for the secondary prevention of infective conjunctivitis include:[1]

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum) include:[2]

Allergic conjunctivitis

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of allergic conjunctivitis include:[3]

  • Avoiding the offending antigen
  • Discontinued contact lens wear

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) include:[4]

  • Avoiding very dry environments (Furnaces and air conditioning can dry the air)
  • Using a humidifier (puts moisture back into the air to prevent dry eyes)
  • Avoiding dusty and smoky areas
  • Avoiding prolonged visual tasks (staring at a computer screen, driving, watching television, and reading)

Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis

There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). However, educating patients about disease process can improve compliance of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.[5]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rose P (2007). "Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 8 (12): 1903–21. doi:10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903. PMID 17696792.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matejcek A, Goldman RD (2013). "Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum". Can Fam Physician. 59 (11): 1187–90. PMC 3828094. PMID 24235191.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S; et al. (2013). "Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature". Ital J Pediatr. 39: 18. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-39-18. PMC 3640929. PMID 23497516.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Messmer EM (2015). "The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 112 (5): 71–81, quiz 82. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071. PMC 4335585. PMID 25686388.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nelson JD (1989). "Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)". Eye (Lond). 3 ( Pt 2): 180–9. doi:10.1038/eye.1989.26. PMID 2695351.

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