Conjunctivitis (patient information)

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What is conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis (commonly called "pink eye" or "Madras eye") is an acute inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids), most commonly due to an allergic reaction or an infection (usually viral, but sometimes bacterial). While this article relates generally to humans, animals such as canines (dogs) and cattle can experience this condition.

Conjunctivitis can be classified either by cause of by extent of the inflamed area.

By cause:

• Allergic conjunctivitis
• Bacterial conjunctivitis
• Viral conjunctivitis
• Chemical conjunctivitis
• Neonatal conjunctivitis is often defined separately due to different organisms

By extent of involvement:

• Blepharoconjunctivitis is the dual combination of conjunctivitis with blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids).
• Keratoconjunctivitis is the combination of conjunctivitis and keratitis (corneal inflammation).
• Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition that produces a similar appearance to conjunctivitis, but without discharge or tearing.

What are the causes of conjunctivitis?

The conjunctiva is exposed to bacteria and other irritants. Tears help protect the conjunctiva by washing away bacteria. Tears also contain enzymes and antibodies that kill bacteria.

There are many causes of conjunctivitis. Viruses are the most common cause. Other causes include:

• Allergies (allergic conjunctivitis)
• Bacteria
• Certain diseases
• Chemical exposure
• Chlamydia
• Fungi
• Parasites (rarely)
• Use of contact lenses (especially extended-wear lenses)

"Pink eye" refers to a viral infection of the conjunctiva. These infections are especially contagious among children.

Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. This condition is called ophthalmia neonatorum, and it must be treated immediately to preserve eyesight.

Where to find medical care for conjunctivitis

Directions to Hospitals Treating conjunctivitis

Prevention of conjunctivitis

Good hygiene can help prevent the spread of conjunctivitis:

• Change pillowcases frequently.
• Do not share eye cosmetics.
• Do not share towels or handkerchiefs.
• Handle and clean contact lenses properly.
• Keep hands away from the eye.
• Replace eye cosmetics regularly.
• Wash your hands often.

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001010.htm