Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 7: Line 7:


{{Congestive heart failure}}
{{Congestive heart failure}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Sara.Zand}} {{EdzelCo}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Cardiac magnetic resonance]] ([[CMR]]) imaging with [[late gadolinium enhancement]] ([[LGE]]), T1 mapping, and extracellular volume may diagnosis [[myocardial fibrosis]]/[[scar]] in [[subendocardial]] area for [[patients]] with [[ischaemic heart disease]] ([[IHD]]) and  scar in mid-wall area for [[dilated cardiomyopathy]] ([[DCM]]). Moreover, [[CMR]] may identify  [[myocardial]] characterization including [[myocarditis]], [[amyloidosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Chagas]] disease, [[Fabry]] disease, [[LV non-compaction]] [[cardiomyopathy]], [[haemochromatosis]], and [[arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy]].
[[Cardiac magnetic resonance]] ([[CMR]]) imaging with [[late gadolinium enhancement]] ([[LGE]]), T1 mapping, and extracellular volume may diagnosis [[myocardial fibrosis]]/[[scar]] in [[subendocardial]] area for [[patients]] with [[ischaemic heart disease]] ([[IHD]]) and  scar in mid-wall area for [[dilated cardiomyopathy]] ([[DCM]]). Moreover, [[CMR]] may identify  [[myocardial]] characterization including [[myocarditis]], [[amyloidosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Chagas]] disease, [[Fabry]] disease, [[LV non-compaction]] [[cardiomyopathy]], [[haemochromatosis]], and [[arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy]].


==[[Cardiac MRI]]==
==[[Cardiac MRI]]==
===2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid34447992">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A |title=2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure |journal=Eur Heart J |volume=42 |issue=36 |pages=3599–3726 |date=September 2021 |pmid=34447992 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 |url=}}</ref>===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
|-
|-
Line 28: Line 31:
*[[CMR]] with [[LGE]] should be considered in [[DCM]] to differentiate  between [[ischemic]] and non-[[ischemic]] [[myocardial]] damage''([[ESC guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''  
*[[CMR]] with [[LGE]] should be considered in [[DCM]] to differentiate  between [[ischemic]] and non-[[ischemic]] [[myocardial]] damage''([[ESC guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''  
|}
|}
{|
! colspan="2" style="background: PapayaWhip;" align="center" + |The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline
|-
|}<ref name="pmid34447992">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A |title=2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure |journal=Eur Heart J |volume=42 |issue=36 |pages=3599–3726 |date=September 2021 |pmid=34447992 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 |url=}}</ref>


==[[Computed tomography coronary angiography]] ([[CTCA]])==
=== 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500  }} </ref> ===


*[[Computed tomography coronary angiography]] ([[CTCA]]) may be considered in [[patients]] with a low to intermediate pre-test probability of[[CAD]], or equivocal result of
non-invasive [[stress tests]] in order to exclude the diagnosis of [[CAD]].<ref name="pmid31504439">{{cite journal |vauthors=Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, Capodanno D, Barbato E, Funck-Brentano C, Prescott E, Storey RF, Deaton C, Cuisset T, Agewall S, Dickstein K, Edvardsen T, Escaned J, Gersh BJ, Svitil P, Gilard M, Hasdai D, Hatala R, Mahfoud F, Masip J, Muneretto C, Valgimigli M, Achenbach S, Bax JJ |title=2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes |journal=Eur Heart J |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=407–477 |date=January 2020 |pmid=31504439 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425 |url=}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ESC guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
|colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]


|-
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>[[Coronary CT angiography]] should be considered in [[patients]] with a low to intermediate pre-test probability of [[CAD]] or those with equivocal [[non-invasive stress tests]] in order to rule out [[coronary artery stenosis]].([[ESC guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' In [[patients]] for whom [[echocardiography]] is inadequate, alternative [[imaging]] (eg, [[cardiac magnetic resonance]] [CMR], [[cardiac computed tomography]] [CT], [[radionuclide imaging]]) is recommended for assessment of [[LVEF]].<ref name="pmid10952828">{{cite journal| author=Bellenger NG, Burgess MI, Ray SG, Lahiri A, Coats AJ, Cleland JG | display-authors=etal| title=Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in heart failure by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance; are they interchangeable? | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2000 | volume= 21 | issue= 16 | pages= 1387-96 | pmid=10952828 | doi=10.1053/euhj.2000.2011 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10952828  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12088775">{{cite journal| author=Grothues F, Smith GC, Moon JC, Bellenger NG, Collins P, Klein HU | display-authors=etal| title=Comparison of interstudy reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with two-dimensional echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 2002 | volume= 90 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-34 | pmid=12088775 | doi=10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02381-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12088775  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2861314">{{cite journal| author=Longmore DB, Klipstein RH, Underwood SR, Firmin DN, Hounsfield GN, Watanabe M | display-authors=etal| title=Dimensional accuracy of magnetic resonance in studies of the heart. | journal=Lancet | year= 1985 | volume= 1 | issue= 8442 | pages= 1360-2 | pmid=2861314 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91786-6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2861314  }} </ref><ref name="pmid30630640">{{cite journal| author=Doherty JU, Kort S, Mehran R, Schoenhagen P, Soman P, Dehmer GJ | display-authors=etal| title=ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2019 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in the Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function in Nonvalvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2019 | volume= 73 | issue= 4 | pages= 488-516 | pmid=30630640 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.038 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30630640  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8623737">{{cite journal| author=van Royen N, Jaffe CC, Krumholz HM, Johnson KM, Lynch PJ, Natale D | display-authors=etal| title=Comparison and reproducibility of visual echocardiographic and quantitative radionuclide left ventricular ejection fractions. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1996 | volume= 77 | issue= 10 | pages= 843-50 | pmid=8623737 | doi=10.1016/s0002-9149(97)89179-5 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8623737  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31134368">{{cite journal| author=Fu H, Wang X, Diao K, Huang S, Liu H, Gao Y | display-authors=etal| title=CT compared to MRI for functional evaluation of the right ventricle: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2019 | volume= 29 | issue= 12 | pages= 6816-6828 | pmid=31134368 | doi=10.1007/s00330-019-06228-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31134368  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27510625">{{cite journal| author=Kaniewska M, Schuetz GM, Willun S, Schlattmann P, Dewey M| title=Noninvasive evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2017 | volume= 27 | issue= 4 | pages= 1640-1659 | pmid=27510625 | doi=10.1007/s00330-016-4513-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27510625  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21831552">{{cite journal| author=Takx RA, Moscariello A, Schoepf UJ, Barraza JM, Nance JW, Bastarrika G | display-authors=etal| title=Quantification of left and right ventricular function and myocardial mass: comparison of low-radiation dose 2nd generation dual-source CT and cardiac MRI. | journal=Eur J Radiol | year= 2012 | volume= 81 | issue= 4 | pages= e598-604 | pmid=21831552 | doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.07.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21831552  }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C-LD]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|}
{|
! colspan="2" style="background: PapayaWhip;" align="center" + |The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline
|-  
|}<ref name="pmid34447992">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A |title=2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure |journal=Eur Heart J |volume=42 |issue=36 |pages=3599–3726 |date=September 2021 |pmid=34447992 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 |url=}}</ref>
 
 


{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
|-
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ESC guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>[[Endomyocardial biopsy]] should be considered in [[patients]] with rapidly progressive [[HF]] despite standard therapy when there is a probability of a specific diagnosis, which can be confirmed only in [[myocardial]] samples.([[ESC guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|}
|}
{|
! colspan="2" style="background: PapayaWhip;" align="center" + |The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline
|-
|}<ref name="pmid34447992">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A |title=2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure |journal=Eur Heart J |volume=42 |issue=36 |pages=3599–3726 |date=September 2021 |pmid=34447992 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 |url=}}</ref>


==External Links==
*[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063.full.pdf 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines]<ref name="pmid35363499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW |title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines |journal=Circulation |volume=145 |issue=18 |pages=e895–e1032 |date=May 2022 |pmid=35363499 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063 |url=}} </ref>


<br />


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:46, 22 June 2022
Resident
Survival
Guide
Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Systolic Dysfunction
Diastolic Dysfunction
HFpEF
HFrEF

Causes

Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Clinical Assessment

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Cardiac MRI

Echocardiography

Exercise Stress Test

Myocardial Viability Studies

Cardiac Catheterization

Other Imaging Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

Medical Therapy:

Summary
Acute Pharmacotherapy
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFpEF
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFrEF
Diuretics
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Aldosterone Antagonists
Beta Blockers
Ca Channel Blockers
Nitrates
Hydralazine
Positive Inotropics
Anticoagulants
Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Nutritional Supplements
Hormonal Therapies
Drugs to Avoid
Drug Interactions
Treatment of underlying causes
Associated conditions

Exercise Training

Surgical Therapy:

Biventricular Pacing or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Implantation of Intracardiac Defibrillator
Ultrafiltration
Cardiac Surgery
Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs)
Cardiac Transplantation

ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations

Initial and Serial Evaluation of the HF Patient
Hospitalized Patient
Patients With a Prior MI
Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention
Surgical/Percutaneous/Transcather Interventional Treatments of HF
Patients at high risk for developing heart failure (Stage A)
Patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed heart failure symptoms (Stage B)
Patients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure (Stage C)
Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D)
Coordinating Care for Patients With Chronic HF
Quality Metrics/Performance Measures

Implementation of Practice Guidelines

Congestive heart failure end-of-life considerations

Specific Groups:

Special Populations
Patients who have concomitant disorders
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Patient with CHF
NSTEMI with Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock

Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI

CDC on Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI

Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI in the news

Blogs on Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI

Directions to Hospitals Treating Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI

Risk calculators and risk factors for Congestive heart failure cardiac MRI

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Zand, M.D.[2] Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[3]

Overview

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), T1 mapping, and extracellular volume may diagnosis myocardial fibrosis/scar in subendocardial area for patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and scar in mid-wall area for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Moreover, CMR may identify myocardial characterization including myocarditis, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Chagas disease, Fabry disease, LV non-compaction cardiomyopathy, haemochromatosis, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.

Cardiac MRI

2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines (DO NOT EDIT) [1]

Class I

LV non-compaction,amyloid, sarcoidosis, iron overload/hemochromatosis(Level of Evidence: C)

Class IIa

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline (DO NOT EDIT) [2]

Class I
"4. In patients for whom echocardiography is inadequate, alternative imaging (eg, cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR], cardiac computed tomography [CT], radionuclide imaging) is recommended for assessment of LVEF.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10](Level of Evidence: C-LD) "

External Links


References

  1. ↑ McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland J, Coats A, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam C, Lyon AR, McMurray J, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano G, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A (September 2021). "2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure". Eur Heart J. 42 (36): 3599–3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. PMID 34447992 Check |pmid= value (help). Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  2. ↑ Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM; et al. (2022). "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 145 (18): e876–e894. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062. PMID 35363500 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. ↑ Bellenger NG, Burgess MI, Ray SG, Lahiri A, Coats AJ, Cleland JG; et al. (2000). "Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in heart failure by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance; are they interchangeable?". Eur Heart J. 21 (16): 1387–96. doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2011. PMID 10952828.
  4. ↑ Grothues F, Smith GC, Moon JC, Bellenger NG, Collins P, Klein HU; et al. (2002). "Comparison of interstudy reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with two-dimensional echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy". Am J Cardiol. 90 (1): 29–34. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02381-0. PMID 12088775.
  5. ↑ Longmore DB, Klipstein RH, Underwood SR, Firmin DN, Hounsfield GN, Watanabe M; et al. (1985). "Dimensional accuracy of magnetic resonance in studies of the heart". Lancet. 1 (8442): 1360–2. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91786-6. PMID 2861314.
  6. ↑ Doherty JU, Kort S, Mehran R, Schoenhagen P, Soman P, Dehmer GJ; et al. (2019). "ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2019 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in the Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function in Nonvalvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons". J Am Coll Cardiol. 73 (4): 488–516. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.038. PMID 30630640.
  7. ↑ van Royen N, Jaffe CC, Krumholz HM, Johnson KM, Lynch PJ, Natale D; et al. (1996). "Comparison and reproducibility of visual echocardiographic and quantitative radionuclide left ventricular ejection fractions". Am J Cardiol. 77 (10): 843–50. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(97)89179-5. PMID 8623737.
  8. ↑ Fu H, Wang X, Diao K, Huang S, Liu H, Gao Y; et al. (2019). "CT compared to MRI for functional evaluation of the right ventricle: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Eur Radiol. 29 (12): 6816–6828. doi:10.1007/s00330-019-06228-2. PMID 31134368.
  9. ↑ Kaniewska M, Schuetz GM, Willun S, Schlattmann P, Dewey M (2017). "Noninvasive evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis". Eur Radiol. 27 (4): 1640–1659. doi:10.1007/s00330-016-4513-1. PMID 27510625.
  10. ↑ Takx RA, Moscariello A, Schoepf UJ, Barraza JM, Nance JW, Bastarrika G; et al. (2012). "Quantification of left and right ventricular function and myocardial mass: comparison of low-radiation dose 2nd generation dual-source CT and cardiac MRI". Eur J Radiol. 81 (4): e598–604. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.07.001. PMID 21831552.
  11. ↑ Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW (May 2022). "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 145 (18): e895–e1032. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063. PMID 35363499 Check |pmid= value (help).

Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Congestive_heart_failure_cardiac_MRI&oldid=1726608"