Colorectal cancer causes
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To view the causes of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click here
To view the causes of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
There are both genetic and environmental causes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Some of the genetic causes are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. The remaining majority of colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
Colorectal Cancer Causes
There are both genetic and environmental causes of colorectal carcinoma[1]. FAP and HNPCC are the most common causes of CRC, but together these two conditions account for only about 5 percent of CRC[2].
The table below lists the genetic causes for colorectal carcinoma:
| Genetic Cause | Description |
| Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) | AD inheritance; other variants include Gardner's syndrome, Turcot's syndrome and attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli; caused by germlines mutations in the APC gene[3]; colonic cancer occurs in 90% of untreated individuals around 45 years
To view Gardner's syndrome, Turcot's syndrome and attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli , click here
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| MUTYH-associated Polyposis (MAP) | AR inheritance; caused by biallelic germline mutations in the base excision repair gene mutY homolog (MYH or MUTYH) |
| Lynch Syndrome AKA Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) | AD inheritance; caused by a defect in one of the mismatch repair genes, most commonly hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, or PMS2; the mean age at initial cancer diagnosis is around 48 years[4] |
The remaining majority of colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
References
- ↑ Chan AT, Giovannucci EL (2010). "Primary prevention of colorectal cancer". Gastroenterology. 138 (6): 2029–2043.e10. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.057. PMC 2947820. PMID 20420944.
- ↑ Burt RW, DiSario JA, Cannon-Albright L (1995). "Genetics of colon cancer: impact of inheritance on colon cancer risk". Annu Rev Med. 46: 371–9. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.371. PMID 7598472.
- ↑ Mazur IA (1977). "[Synthesis of imidazopyrimidines and imidazoquinazolines with a common nitrogen atom]". Farm Zh (6): 37–41. PMID 598472.
- ↑ Parry S, Win AK, Parry B, Macrae FA, Gurrin LC, Church JM; et al. (2011). "Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery". Gut. 60 (7): 950–7. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.228056. PMC 3848416. PMID 21193451.