Chronic cholecystitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Causes

Common Causes

Cholecystitis is often caused by cholelithiasis (the presence of choleliths, or gallstones, in the gall bladder), with choleliths most commonly blocking the cystic duct directly. This leads to to inspissation of bile, bile stasis and secondary infection by gut organisms, predominantly E coli and Bacteroides species.

The gall bladder's wall becomes inflamed. Extreme cases may result in necrosis and rupture. Inflammation often spreads to its outer covering, thus irritating surrounding structures such as the diaphragm and bowel.

Less commonly, in debilitated and trauma patients, the gall bladder may become inflamed and infected in the absence of cholelithiasis, and is known as acute acalculous cholecystitis.

Stones in the gall bladder may not cause obstruction and the accompanying acute attack. The patient might develop a chronic, low-level inflammation which leads to a chronic cholecystitis, where the gall bladder is fibrotic and calcified.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Cardiac events, including myocardial infarction
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acalculous cholecystitis, Bile duct blockage, Bile stasis, Cholelithiasis, Crohn's disease, Gall bladder ischemia, Gallbladder empyema, Liver abscess, Peritonitis
Genetic Familial hyperlipoproteinemia
Hematologic Sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic Abdominal surgery, Harmonal therapy in women, Long-term total parenteral nutrition
Infectious Disease Bacteriodes, Cryptosporidiosis, Cytomegalovirus, E.coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Klebsiella, Microsporidiosis, Opisthorchiasis, Salmonella infections, Secondary infection from gut organisms, Typhoid fever,Gallbladder empyema, Liver abscess
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Long labor, Pregnancy
Oncologic Malignancy
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Sjogren's syndrome, SLE
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Abdominal trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Critically ill patients, Elderly, Idiopathic, Losing weight rapidly, Prolonged fasting

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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