Chronic cholecystitis causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Causes
Common Causes
Cholecystitis is often caused by cholelithiasis (the presence of choleliths, or gallstones, in the gall bladder), with choleliths most commonly blocking the cystic duct directly. This leads to to inspissation of bile, bile stasis and secondary infection by gut organisms, predominantly E coli and Bacteroides species.
The gall bladder's wall becomes inflamed. Extreme cases may result in necrosis and rupture. Inflammation often spreads to its outer covering, thus irritating surrounding structures such as the diaphragm and bowel.
Less commonly, in debilitated and trauma patients, the gall bladder may become inflamed and infected in the absence of cholelithiasis, and is known as acute acalculous cholecystitis.
Stones in the gall bladder may not cause obstruction and the accompanying acute attack. The patient might develop a chronic, low-level inflammation which leads to a chronic cholecystitis, where the gall bladder is fibrotic and calcified.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Cardiac events, including myocardial infarction |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Diabetes mellitus |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Acalculous cholecystitis, Bile duct blockage, Bile stasis, Cholelithiasis, Crohn's disease, Gall bladder ischemia, Gallbladder empyema, Liver abscess, Peritonitis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Abdominal surgery
- Abdominal trauma
- Acalculous cholecystitis
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bacteriodes
- Bile duct blockage
- Bile stasis
- Cardiac events, including myocardial infarction
- Cholelithiasis
- Crohn's disease
- Critically ill patients
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Diabetes mellitus
- E.coli
- Edwardsiella tarda
- Elderly
- Familial hyperlipoproteinemia
- Gall bladder ischemia
- Gallbladder empyema
- Harmonal therapy in women
- Idiopathic
- Klebsiella
- Liver abscess
- Long labor
- Long-term total parenteral nutrition
- Losing weight rapidly
- Malignancy
- Microsporidiosis
- Opisthorchiasis
- Peritonitis
- Pregnancy
- Prolonged fasting
- Salmonella infections
- Secondary infection from gut organisms
- Sickle cell disease
- Sjogren's syndrome
- SLE
- Typhoid fever