Cholestasis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
{{Cholestasis}}
{{Cholestasis}}
==Overview==


==Causes==
==Causes==
There are many causes of cholestasis.
There are many causes of cholestasis.
*Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs outside the liver. It can be caused by:
*Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs outside the liver. It can be caused by:
:*[[Bile duct tumors]]
:*[[Bile duct tumors]]
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=== Common Causes ===
=== Common Causes ===
=== Causes by Organ System ===
=== Causes by Organ System ===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benoxaprofen]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clonazepam]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Diazepam]], [[Erythromycin estolate]], [[Flucloxacillin]], [[Glibenclamide]], [[Glimepiride]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indomethacin]], [[Levomepromazine]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Nalidixic acid]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Perazine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Pipothiazine]], [[Proguanil]], [[Pyritinol]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Temazepam]], [[Anabolic steroids]], [[Cimetidine]], [[Prochlorperazine]], [[Terbinafine]], [[Tolbutamide]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amoxicillin]], [[ampicillin]], [[anabolic steroids]], [[atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride]], [[benoxaprofen]], [[cefadroxil]], [[cefotaxime sodium]], [[ceftazidime]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorpropamide]], [[cimetidine]], [[clomipramine]], [[clonazepam]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[diazepam]], [[desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol]], [[diflunisal]], [[estropipate]], [[ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]], [[erythromycin estolate]], [[esterified estrogens]], [[fluoxymesterone]], [[flucloxacillin]], [[fluphenazine]], [[glibenclamide]], [[glimepiride]], [[imipramine]], [[ibuprofen lysine]], [[indomethacin]], [[levomepromazine]], [[lorazepam]], [[medroxyprogesterone]], [[mercaptopurine]], [[meropenem]], [[methyltestosterone]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[nalidixic acid]], [[nandrolone]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[oxazepam]], [[para-amino salicylic acid]], [[penicillamine]], [[penicillin]], [[perazine]], [[phenylbutazone]], [[pipothiazine]], [[prochlorperazine]], [[proguanil]], [[pyritinol]], [[rifampicin]], [[sulfasalazine]], [[sulindac]], [[temazepam]], [[terbinafine]], [[tolbutamide]], [[tolazamide]], [[zonisamide]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys]], [[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form]], [[Bile duct stricture]], [[Biliary sludge]], [[Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater]], [[Caroli disease]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Choledochal cyst]], [[Choledocholithiasis]], [[Cholelithiasis]], [[Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Hepatic adenoma]], [[Hepatic ductular hypoplasia]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]], [[Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation)]], [[Mirizzi syndrome]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency]], [[Aagenaes syndrome]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[GRACILE syndrome]], [[North American Indian childhood cirrhosis]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Rotor syndrome]], [[Cholangitis]], [[Liver metastases]], [[Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], , [[Lathosterolosis]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[COACH syndrome]], [[Chronic pancreatitis]], [[Liver abscess]], [[Alcoholic liver disease]], [[Viral hepatitis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys]], [[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form]], [[Bile duct stricture]], [[Biliary atresia]], [[Biliary sludge]], [[Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater]], [[Caroli disease]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Choledochal cyst]], [[Choledocholithiasis]], [[Cholelithiasis]], [[Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Hepatic adenoma]], [[Hepatic ductular hypoplasia]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]], [[Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation)]], [[Mirizzi syndrome]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency]], [[Aagenaes syndrome]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[GRACILE syndrome]], [[North American Indian childhood cirrhosis]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Rotor syndrome]], [[Cholangitis]], [[Liver metastases]], [[Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], , [[Lathosterolosis]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[COACH syndrome]], [[Pancreatitis]], [[Liver abscess]], [[Alcoholic liver disease]], [[Viral hepatitis]], [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Bile acid synthesis defects]]
|-
|
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aagenaes syndrome]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis]], [[Citrullinemia type 2]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[GRACILE syndrome]], [[Lathosterolosis]], [[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]], [[North American Indian childhood cirrhosis]], [[Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Rotor syndrome]], [[Zellweger spectrum]], [[COACH syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aagenaes syndrome]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis]], [[Citrullinemia type 2]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[GRACILE syndrome]], [[Lathosterolosis]], [[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]], [[North American Indian childhood cirrhosis]], [[Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Rotor syndrome]], [[Zellweger spectrum]], [[COACH syndrome]], [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Erythropoietic protoporphyria]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[GRACILE syndrome]], [[Citrullinemia type 2]], [[Lathosterolosis]], [[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]], [[Amyloidosis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[GRACILE syndrome]], [[Citrullinemia type 2]], [[Lathosterolosis]], [[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]], [[Amyloidosis]], [[Erythropoietic protoporphyria]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benoxaprofen]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clonazepam]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Diazepam]], [[Erythromycin estolate]], [[Flucloxacillin]], [[Glibenclamide]], [[Glimepiride]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indomethacin]], [[Levomepromazine]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Nalidixic acid]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Perazine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Pipothiazine]], [[Proguanil]], [[Pyritinol]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Temazepam]], [[Anabolic steroids]], [[Cimetidine]], [[Prochlorperazine]], [[Terbinafine]], [[Tolbutamide]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benoxaprofen]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clonazepam]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Diazepam]], [[Erythromycin estolate]], [[Flucloxacillin]], [[Glibenclamide]], [[Glimepiride]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indomethacin]], [[Levomepromazine]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Nalidixic acid]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Perazine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Pipothiazine]], [[Proguanil]], [[Pyritinol]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Temazepam]], [[Anabolic steroids]], [[Cimetidine]], [[Prochlorperazine]], [[Terbinafine]], [[Tolbutamide]], [[Ampicillin]], [[Penicillin]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Tuberculosis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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{{MultiCol}}
{{MultiCol}}
*[[Aagenaes syndrome]]
*[[Aagenaes syndrome]]
*[[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]]
*[[Amoxicillin]]
*[[Ampicillin]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Anabolic steroids]]
*[[Anabolic steroids]]
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*[[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis]]
*[[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis]]
*[[Benoxaprofen]]
*[[Benoxaprofen]]
*[[Bile acid synthesis defects]]
*[[Bile duct paucity in Graft-Versus-Host Disease]]
*[[Bile duct paucity in Graft-Versus-Host Disease]]
*[[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form]]
*[[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form]]
*[[Bile duct stricture]]
*[[Bile duct stricture]]
*[[Biliary atresia]]
*[[Biliary sludge]]
*[[Biliary sludge]]
*[[Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater]]
*[[Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater]]
*[[Caroli disease]]
*[[Caroli disease]]
*[[Cefadroxil]]
*[[Ceftazidime]]
*[[Chlorpromazine]]
*[[Chlorpromazine]]
*[[Chlorpropamide]]
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
*[[Cholangitis]]
*[[Cholangitis]]
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*[[Cholelithiasis]]
*[[Cholelithiasis]]
*[[Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate]]
*[[Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate]]
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
*[[Cimetidine]]
*[[Cimetidine]]
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]
*[[Citrullinemia type 2]]
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*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]
*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Desogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol]]
*[[Diazepam]]
*[[Diazepam]]
*[[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]]
*[[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]]
*[[Erythromycin estolate]]
*[[Erythromycin estolate]]
*[[Erythropoietic protoporphyria]]
*[[Flucloxacillin]]
*[[Flucloxacillin]]
*[[Gallbladder cancer]]
*[[Gallbladder cancer]]
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*[[Imipramine]]
*[[Imipramine]]
*[[Indomethacin]]
*[[Indomethacin]]
*[[Infliximab]]
*[[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]]
*[[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]]
*[[Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation)]]
*[[Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation)]]
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*[[Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome]]
*[[Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Medroxyprogesterone]]
*[[Mirizzi syndrome]]
*[[Mirizzi syndrome]]
*[[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]]
*[[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]]
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*[[Oxazepam]]
*[[Oxazepam]]
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]
*[[Pancreatitis]]
*[[Para-amino salicylic acid]]
*[[Para-amino salicylic acid]]
*[[Penicillin]]
*[[Penicillamine]]
*[[Penicillamine]]
*[[Perazine]]
*[[Perazine]]
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{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:needs overview]]

Latest revision as of 01:27, 28 April 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Causes

There are many causes of cholestasis.

  • Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs outside the liver. It can be caused by:
  • Intrahepatic cholestasis occurs inside the liver. It can be caused by:
  • Certain medications can also cause cholestasis.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning Gold salts
Dermatologic Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency
Drug Side Effect Amoxicillin, ampicillin, anabolic steroids, atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride, benoxaprofen, cefadroxil, cefotaxime sodium, ceftazidime, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide, cimetidine, clomipramine, clonazepam, combined oral contraceptive pill, diazepam, desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol, diflunisal, estropipate, ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol, erythromycin estolate, esterified estrogens, fluoxymesterone, flucloxacillin, fluphenazine, glibenclamide, glimepiride, imipramine, ibuprofen lysine, indomethacin, levomepromazine, lorazepam, medroxyprogesterone, mercaptopurine, meropenem, methyltestosterone, minocycline hydrochloride, nalidixic acid, nandrolone, nitrofurantoin, oxazepam, para-amino salicylic acid, penicillamine, penicillin, perazine, phenylbutazone, pipothiazine, prochlorperazine, proguanil, pyritinol, rifampicin, sulfasalazine, sulindac, temazepam, terbinafine, tolbutamide, tolazamide, zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys, Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys, Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form, Bile duct stricture, Biliary atresia, Biliary sludge, Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater, Caroli disease, Cholangiocarcinoma, Choledochal cyst, Choledocholithiasis, Cholelithiasis, Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate, Gallbladder cancer, Hepatic adenoma, Hepatic ductular hypoplasia, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation), Mirizzi syndrome, Pancreatic cancer, Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency, Aagenaes syndrome, Alagille syndrome, Benign intrahepatic cholestasis, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, GRACILE syndrome, North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis , Rotor syndrome, Cholangitis, Liver metastases, Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, , Lathosterolosis, Cystic fibrosis, COACH syndrome, Pancreatitis, Liver abscess, Alcoholic liver disease, Viral hepatitis, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Bile acid synthesis defects
Genetic Aagenaes syndrome, Alagille syndrome, Benign intrahepatic cholestasis, Citrullinemia type 2, Cystic fibrosis, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, GRACILE syndrome, Lathosterolosis, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form, North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin Deficiency, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis , Rotor syndrome, Zellweger spectrum, COACH syndrome, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Erythropoietic protoporphyria
Hematologic Aagenaes syndrome, Lymphoma
Iatrogenic Bile duct paucity in Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Long term intravenous nutrition
Infectious Disease Alveolar hydatid disease, Ascariasis, Cholangitis, Clonorchiasis, Liver abscess, Tuberculosis, Viral hepatitis, Sepsis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho GRACILE syndrome, Lathosterolosis, Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate
Neurologic COACH syndrome, Zellweger spectrum
Nutritional / Metabolic GRACILE syndrome, Citrullinemia type 2, Lathosterolosis, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form, Amyloidosis, Erythropoietic protoporphyria
Obstetric/Gynecologic Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, Pregnancy
Oncologic Liver metastases, Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater, Cholangiocarcinoma, Gallbladder cancer, Hepatic adenoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Klatskin tumor (bile duct bifurcation), Pancreatic cancer, Lymphoma
Opthalmologic Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys, Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate, COACH syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Benoxaprofen, Chlorpromazine, Clomipramine, Clonazepam, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Diazepam, Erythromycin estolate, Flucloxacillin, Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Imipramine, Indomethacin, Levomepromazine, Lorazepam, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Oxazepam, Para-amino salicylic acid, Penicillamine, Perazine, Phenylbutazone, Pipothiazine, Proguanil, Pyritinol, Rifampicin, Temazepam, Anabolic steroids, Cimetidine, Prochlorperazine, Terbinafine, Tolbutamide, Ampicillin, Penicillin
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Cystic fibrosis, Sarcoidosis, Tuberculosis, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Renal / Electrolyte Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome, Neonatal diabetes-congenital hypothyroidism-congenital glaucoma-hepatic fibrosis-polycystic kidneys, Zellweger spectrum
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Sarcoidosis, COACH syndrome, Amyloidosis
Sexual Cystic fibrosis
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Amyloidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

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