Cerebral palsy causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Cerebral palsy}}
{{Cerebral palsy}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADG}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
[[asphyxia|Birth asphyxia]] is believed to be the principal etiology for cerebral palsy. However, recent studies demonstrated that 70% to 80% of cases of cerebral palsy are due to [[antenatal]] factors, while only 10% to 28% of cases are due to [[asphyxia|birth asphyxia]] in term and near-term infants. Causes of cerebral palsy are often multifactorial.
 
OR
 
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
 
OR
 
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
 
OR
 
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [[Pericarditis causes#Overview|here]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
[[asphyxia|Birth asphyxia]] is believed to be the principal etiology for cerebral palsy. However, recent studies demonstrated that 70% to 80% of cases of cerebral palsy are due to [[antenatal]] factors, while only 10% to 28% of cases are due to [[asphyxia|birth asphyxia]] in term and near-term infants. Causes of cerebral palsy are often multifactorial. For example, an [[intrauterine infection]] may result in [[IUGR|growth restriction]], [[Fever|maternal fever]], and [[prematurity]], all of which have been associated with cerebral palsy.<ref name="pmid9307261">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thorarensen O, Ryan S, Hunter J, Younkin DP |title=Factor V Leiden mutation: an unrecognized cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy, neonatal stroke, and placental thrombosis |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=372–5 |year=1997 |pmid=9307261 |doi=10.1002/ana.410420316 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15183137">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobsson B, Hagberg G |title=Antenatal risk factors for cerebral palsy |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=425–36 |year=2004 |pmid=15183137 |doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8264743">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kuban KC, Leviton A |title=Cerebral palsy |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=330 |issue=3 |pages=188–95 |year=1994 |pmid=8264743 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199401203300308 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14585946">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nelson KB |title=Can we prevent cerebral palsy? |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=18 |pages=1765–9 |year=2003 |pmid=14585946 |doi=10.1056/NEJMsb035364 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16467053">{{cite journal |vauthors=Odding E, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ |title=The epidemiology of cerebral palsy: incidence, impairments and risk factors |journal=Disabil Rehabil |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=183–91 |year=2006 |pmid=16467053 |doi=10.1080/09638280500158422 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23733804">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ishii N, Kono Y, Yonemoto N, Kusuda S, Fujimura M |title=Outcomes of infants born at 22 and 23 weeks' gestation |journal=Pediatrics |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=62–71 |year=2013 |pmid=23733804 |doi=10.1542/peds.2012-2857 |url=}}</ref>
[Disease name] may be caused by:
===Prenatal causes===
*[Cause1]
*[[Placental insufficiency]]
*[Cause2]
*[[Intrauterine infection]]
*[Cause3]
*Chromosomal abnormalities
 
*Maternal illness
 
**[[Chorioamnionitis]]
OR
**[[Thyroid disease]]
 
**Thrombotic disorders including [[factor V Leiden mutations]]
 
**[[TORCH infections]] ([[toxoplasmosis]], [[syphilis]], [[rublla]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[varicella zoster]], [[HIV]], [[herpes viruses]])
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*[[Multile gestation|Multiple births]]
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
*[[Teratogen|Teratogen exposure]]
 
*[[Metabolic disorders]]
===Less Common Causes===
*[[malformation|Fetal brain malformation]]
Less common causes of [[disease name]] include:
===Placental pathology===
*[Cause1]
*[[Thrombotic lesions]]
*[Cause2]
*Placental ischemia has been associated with spastic diplegia
*[Cause3]
*[[Chronic villitis]]
 
*[[Preeclampsia]]
===Genetic Causes===
===Perinatal causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
*[[Hypoxia]]-[[ischemia]]
 
*[[Neonatal encephalopathy]]
===Causes by Organ System===
*[[Periventricular leukomalacia]]
 
**[[Periventricular leukomalacia]] increases the risk of cerebral palsy, independent of [[gestational age]].
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
**Approximately 75% of infants with cystic [[periventricular leukomalacia]] develop cerebral palsy.
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
*[[stroke|Fetal/neonatal stroke]]
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
*[[Hyperbilirubinemia]]
|-
*Hemolytic disease
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
*[[Kernicterus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
===Postnatal causes===
|-
*[[Stroke]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
*[[Trauma]]
| '''Dental'''
*[[Infection]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
 


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{familytree/start}}
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=Cerebral palsy}}
{{columns-list|3|
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
* Cause 1
{{familytree | | C01 | | | | | C02 | | | | | C03 |C01=Antenatal|C02=Perinatal|C03=Postnatal}}
* Cause 2
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| }}
* Cause 3
{{familytree | | D01 | | | | | D02 | | | | | D03 |D01=[[Prematurity]] and [[low birth weight]] <br> Intrauterine infections<br>Multiple gestations<br> Pregnancy complications|D02=Birth [[asphyxia]]<br> complicated labour and delivery |D03=[[Head trauma]]<br>[[Meningitis]]<br>Cardio-pulmonary arrest}}
* Cause 4
{{familytree/end}}
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
}}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:43, 6 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Birth asphyxia is believed to be the principal etiology for cerebral palsy. However, recent studies demonstrated that 70% to 80% of cases of cerebral palsy are due to antenatal factors, while only 10% to 28% of cases are due to birth asphyxia in term and near-term infants. Causes of cerebral palsy are often multifactorial.

Causes

Birth asphyxia is believed to be the principal etiology for cerebral palsy. However, recent studies demonstrated that 70% to 80% of cases of cerebral palsy are due to antenatal factors, while only 10% to 28% of cases are due to birth asphyxia in term and near-term infants. Causes of cerebral palsy are often multifactorial. For example, an intrauterine infection may result in growth restriction, maternal fever, and prematurity, all of which have been associated with cerebral palsy.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Prenatal causes

Placental pathology

Perinatal causes

Postnatal causes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cerebral palsy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Antenatal
 
 
 
 
Perinatal
 
 
 
 
Postnatal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prematurity and low birth weight
Intrauterine infections
Multiple gestations
Pregnancy complications
 
 
 
 
Birth asphyxia
complicated labour and delivery
 
 
 
 
Head trauma
Meningitis
Cardio-pulmonary arrest

References

  1. ↑ Thorarensen O, Ryan S, Hunter J, Younkin DP (1997). "Factor V Leiden mutation: an unrecognized cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy, neonatal stroke, and placental thrombosis". Ann. Neurol. 42 (3): 372–5. doi:10.1002/ana.410420316. PMID 9307261.
  2. ↑ Jacobsson B, Hagberg G (2004). "Antenatal risk factors for cerebral palsy". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 18 (3): 425–36. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.011. PMID 15183137.
  3. ↑ Kuban KC, Leviton A (1994). "Cerebral palsy". N. Engl. J. Med. 330 (3): 188–95. doi:10.1056/NEJM199401203300308. PMID 8264743.
  4. ↑ Nelson KB (2003). "Can we prevent cerebral palsy?". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (18): 1765–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMsb035364. PMID 14585946.
  5. ↑ Odding E, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ (2006). "The epidemiology of cerebral palsy: incidence, impairments and risk factors". Disabil Rehabil. 28 (4): 183–91. doi:10.1080/09638280500158422. PMID 16467053.
  6. ↑ Ishii N, Kono Y, Yonemoto N, Kusuda S, Fujimura M (2013). "Outcomes of infants born at 22 and 23 weeks' gestation". Pediatrics. 132 (1): 62–71. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2857. PMID 23733804.

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