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{{Cavernous sinus thrombosis}}


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==Overview==
==Overview==
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===Natural History===
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.  
The symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis may vary depending on the anatomical structures involved.<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.  
*If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].


*


* Common symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
* The most common symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
** Severe holocranial and bifrontal headache whit increasing severity<ref name="pmid28936075">{{cite journal| author=Botta R, Donirpathi S, Yadav R, Kulkarni GB, Kumar MV, Nagaraja D| title=Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. | journal=J Neurosci Rural Pract | year= 2017 | volume= 8 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S72-S77 | pmid=28936075 | doi=10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_339_16 | pmc=5602266 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28936075  }} </ref>
** Severe holocranial and bifrontal headache whit increasing severity<ref name="pmid28936075">{{cite journal| author=Botta R, Donirpathi S, Yadav R, Kulkarni GB, Kumar MV, Nagaraja D| title=Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. | journal=J Neurosci Rural Pract | year= 2017 | volume= 8 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S72-S77 | pmid=28936075 | doi=10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_339_16 | pmc=5602266 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28936075 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** Swelling, redness, or irritation around one or both eyes
**Fever<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150 }} </ref>
** Drooping eyelids
**Proptosis<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** Inability to move the eye
** Chemosis<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** High fever
** External ophthalmoplegia<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Pain or numbness around the face or eyes
** Periorbital swelling redness in one or both eyes<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Fatigue
 
** Vision loss or double vision
* Other symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
** Seizures
** Drooping eyelids<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Altered mental status that can range from confusion to coma
** Decreased visual acuity<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Vision loss or double vision<ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Inability to move the eye<ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Periorbital sensory loss<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** Pain or numbness around the face or eyes<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** Fatigue<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** Seizures<ref name="pmid29039017">{{cite journal| author=Sha DJ, Qian J, Gu SS, Wang LN, Wang F, Xu Y| title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by seizures: a retrospective analysis of 69 cases. | journal=J Thromb Thrombolysis | year= 2018 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 186-191 | pmid=29039017 | doi=10.1007/s11239-017-1570-5 | pmc=5756278 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29039017  }} </ref>
** Lethargy<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
 


===Complications===
===Complications===
Line 30: Line 36:
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 3]
** Seizures<ref name="pmid29039017">{{cite journal| author=Sha DJ, Qian J, Gu SS, Wang LN, Wang F, Xu Y| title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by seizures: a retrospective analysis of 69 cases. | journal=J Thromb Thrombolysis | year= 2018 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 186-191 | pmid=29039017 | doi=10.1007/s11239-017-1570-5 | pmc=5756278 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29039017  }} </ref>


===Prognosis===
===Prognosis===
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[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category: (name of the system)]]


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==Natural History==
==Natural History==

Revision as of 13:51, 29 June 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

The symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis may vary depending on the anatomical structures involved.[1]

  • If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].


  • The most common symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
    • Severe holocranial and bifrontal headache whit increasing severity[2][3][1]
    • Fever[1][3][1]
    • Proptosis[1][1]
    • Chemosis[1]
    • External ophthalmoplegia[1][3]
    • Periorbital swelling redness in one or both eyes[1][3]
  • Other symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
    • Drooping eyelids[1][3]
    • Decreased visual acuity[1][3]
    • Vision loss or double vision[3]
    • Inability to move the eye[3]
    • Periorbital sensory loss[1]
    • Pain or numbness around the face or eyes[1]
    • Fatigue[1]
    • Seizures[4]
    • Lethargy[1]


Complications

  • Common complications of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
    • [Complication 1]
    • [Complication 2]
    • Seizures[4]

Prognosis

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS; et al. (2014). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report". J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 40 (4): 195–8. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195. PMC 4170663. PMID 25247150.
  2. ↑ Botta R, Donirpathi S, Yadav R, Kulkarni GB, Kumar MV, Nagaraja D (2017). "Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 8 (Suppl 1): S72–S77. doi:10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_339_16. PMC 5602266. PMID 28936075.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A (2015). "Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child". BMJ Case Rep. 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-208441. PMC 4422932. PMID 25917067.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sha DJ, Qian J, Gu SS, Wang LN, Wang F, Xu Y (2018). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by seizures: a retrospective analysis of 69 cases". J Thromb Thrombolysis. 45 (1): 186–191. doi:10.1007/s11239-017-1570-5. PMC 5756278. PMID 29039017.

Template:WH Template:WS


Natural History

In reality, most patients with cavernous sinus thrombosis do not present with such serious illness, and if they survive tend to have a better prognosis than patients with arterial thrombosis. The real trick is suspecting and making the diagnosis.

Complications

Progressive coma and death with hemorrhagic infarction pathologically.

Prognosis

  • Prognosis better as diagnosis is increasing made with imaging instead of autopsy, with mortality rates down from 100% to 6.5% in a recent review of 76 patients.
  • Poor prognostic features:
    • Rapid progression
    • Coma
    • Extremes of age
    • Focal signs and symptoms
    • Hemorrhagic infarct
    • Serious underlying cause
  • Of note, if patient survives, outcome is better than for arterial infarct

References


Template:WS

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