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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
# Richard P, Charron P, Carrier L, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: distribution of disease genes, spectrum of mutations, and implications for a molecular diagnosis strategy. Circulation 2003; 107:2227.
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Revision as of 02:55, 16 December 2018

Cardiomyopathy Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cardiomyopathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Guidelines

2023 ESC Guideline Recommendations

2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Case Studies

Case #1

Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology

CDC on Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology

Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Cardiomyopathy

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Pathophysiology

Gross Pathology

Images shown below are courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent view of mitral valve from left atrium anterior leaflet appears to balloon a bit into the atrium

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent view of mitral valve from left atrium anterior leaflet appears to balloon a bit into the atrium

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent view of mitral and tricuspid valves from atria, appear normal anatomy.

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent view of mitral and tricuspid valves from atria, appear normal anatomy.

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross apical slice of left and right ventricles concentric hypertrophy with cavitary obliteration sudden unexpected death obstructive cardiomyopathy

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross apical slice of left and right ventricles concentric hypertrophy with cavitary obliteration sudden unexpected death obstructive cardiomyopathy

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross natural color close-up view of heart surgically removed for a transplantation shows aortic valve and anterior leaflet of mitral valve with cholesterol deposits endocardium of left ventricle is diffusely thickened

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross natural color close-up view of heart surgically removed for a transplantation shows aortic valve and anterior leaflet of mitral valve with cholesterol deposits endocardium of left ventricle is diffusely thickened

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross montage of ventricular slices showing hypertrophy and about normal ventricular lumen size a hypertrophic non-dilated cardiomyopathy

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross montage of ventricular slices showing hypertrophy and about normal ventricular lumen size a hypertrophic non-dilated cardiomyopathy

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross ventricular slices hypertrophy and extensive myocardial fibrosis a unique case of global fiber disarray with atrophy and fibrosis

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross ventricular slices hypertrophy and extensive myocardial fibrosis a unique case of global fiber disarray with atrophy and fibrosis

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross close up view of a ventricle slice

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross close up view of a ventricle slice

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent ventricular slice with hypertrophy and fibrosis a unique case of global fiber disarray with hypertrophy then atrophy and then fibrosis

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent ventricular slice with hypertrophy and fibrosis a unique case of global fiber disarray with hypertrophy then atrophy and then fibrosis

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross external view of globular heart with patchy fibrosis seen through epicardium

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross external view of globular heart with patchy fibrosis seen through epicardium

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross interventricular septum showing asymmetrical hypertrophy in posterior septum

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross interventricular septum showing asymmetrical hypertrophy in posterior septum

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross hypertrophic cardiomyopathy obstructive excellent section through left ventricle outlet to show subvalvular narrowing case of sudden death in a 27 yo male playing basketball no history of disease

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross hypertrophic cardiomyopathy obstructive excellent section through left ventricle outlet to show subvalvular narrowing case of sudden death in a 27 yo male playing basketball no history of disease

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross obstructive cardiomyopathy showing aorta outflow tract with marked endocardial thickening mitral valve appears normal (Same case as previous one)

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross obstructive cardiomyopathy showing aorta outflow tract with marked endocardial thickening mitral valve appears normal (Same case as previous one)

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent view of mitral valve atrial surface showing thickening which is fibrous in body of valve and myxoid at area of free margin changes presumed secondary to insufficiency due to anterior motion

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross excellent view of mitral valve atrial surface showing thickening which is fibrous in body of valve and myxoid at area of free margin changes presumed secondary to insufficiency due to anterior motion

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross dilated left ventricle with marked endocardial thickening this is what has been called adult fibroelastosis

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross dilated left ventricle with marked endocardial thickening this is what has been called adult fibroelastosis

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross good example huge dilated left ventricle

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross good example huge dilated left ventricle

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross dilated left ventricle with marked endocardial sclerosis (an excellent example)

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross dilated left ventricle with marked endocardial sclerosis (an excellent example)

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross intact globular shaped heart

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross intact globular shaped heart

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross opened left ventricle dilated with endocardial thickening good example

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross opened left ventricle dilated with endocardial thickening good example

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross globular heart external view 10 year old girl with sickle cell anemia

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross globular heart external view 10 year old girl with sickle cell anemia

  • Cardiomyopathy: Gross horizontal sections of ventricles dilation type 10 year old girl with sickle cell anemia

    Cardiomyopathy: Gross horizontal sections of ventricles dilation type 10 year old girl with sickle cell anemia

  • Cardiomyopathy: Intermediate between hypertrophic and dilated

    Cardiomyopathy: Intermediate between hypertrophic and dilated

  • Cardiomyopathy Asymmetrical Septal Hypertrophy

    Cardiomyopathy Asymmetrical Septal Hypertrophy

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross opened globular left ventricle natural color (very good example)

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross opened globular left ventricle natural color (very good example)

  • Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Gross natural color moderately hypertrophied heart shown in horizontal section hyperemic subendocardium has no microscopic lesion long standing type I diabetic patient, no significant coronary artery lesions, congestive heart failure

    Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Gross natural color moderately hypertrophied heart shown in horizontal section hyperemic subendocardium has no microscopic lesion long standing type I diabetic patient, no significant coronary artery lesions, congestive heart failure

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross natural color external view globular heart 500 gm 24yo female seven pregnancies

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Gross natural color external view globular heart 500 gm 24yo female seven pregnancies

Microscopic Pathology

Images shown below are courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

  • Cardiomyopathy: Micro H&E high mag excellent example myofiber disarray

    Cardiomyopathy: Micro H&E high mag excellent example myofiber disarray

  • Cardiomyopathy: Micro H&E low mag interventricular septum at junction of normal myofiber orientation with asymmetrical hypertrophy (an excellent example)

    Cardiomyopathy: Micro H&E low mag interventricular septum at junction of normal myofiber orientation with asymmetrical hypertrophy (an excellent example)

  • Cardiomyopathy: Micro trichrome low mag bizarre vacuolated fibers with disarray and focal fibrosis excellent low mag epicardial surface

    Cardiomyopathy: Micro trichrome low mag bizarre vacuolated fibers with disarray and focal fibrosis excellent low mag epicardial surface

  • Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Micro plastic section lipid in perinuclear area loss of myofibrils

    Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Micro plastic section lipid in perinuclear area loss of myofibrils

References

  1. Richard P, Charron P, Carrier L, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: distribution of disease genes, spectrum of mutations, and implications for a molecular diagnosis strategy. Circulation 2003; 107:2227.

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