Cardiac tamponade electrocardiogram: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 14:28, 23 September 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

The electrocardiogram in cardiac tamponade usually demonstrates sinus tachycardia, and may sometimes show reduced QRS voltage and electrical alternans.

EKG findings of cardiac tamponade are:

Sinus tachycardia
Electrical alternans (beat-to-beat alterations in the QRS complex due to the swinging of the heart in pericardial fluid)
Low voltage QRS complexes ([[Low QRS voltage] is defined as maximum QRS amplitude in precordial lead < 1 mV and < 0.5 mV in the limb leads due to insulating properties of fluid) ^[1].
ST segment ^[2].
EKG findings of pericarditis and pericardial effusion may be seen if these conditions are accompanying tamponade.

The above EKG shows low voltage QRS complexes and electrical alternans
The above 12 lead EKG shows cardiac tamponade with electrical alternans
The above 12 lead EKG shows low voltage and electrical alternans in a patient with cardiac tamponade.

↑ Longmore, M., Wilkinson, I.B., Rajagopalan, S. (2004) (6th Ed.). Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN 9780198568377
↑ Dolan, B., Holt, L. (2000). Accident & Emergency: Theory into practice. London: Bailliere Tindall ISBN 978-0702022395

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 <gallery heights="250" widths="500">
-image:PulsusAlternans.jpg|The above EKG shows [[low voltage QRS complexes]] and [[Electrical alternans]]
+image:PulsusAlternans.jpg|The above EKG shows [[low voltage QRS complexes]] and [[electrical alternans]]
 image:Tamponade-with-alternans.jpg|The above 12 lead EKG shows [[cardiac tamponade]] with [[electrical alternans]]
 image:Cardiac tamponade.jpg|The above 12 lead EKG shows [[low voltage]] and [[electrical alternans]] in a patient with cardiac tamponade.