Caplans syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*The patients with [[Caplan syndrome]] are mostly [[asymptomatic]] initially. <ref name="Benedek1973">{{cite journal|last1=Benedek|first1=Thomas G.|title=Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=55|issue=4|year=1973|pages=515–524|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(73)90209-X}}</ref> <ref name="AlayaBraham2018">{{cite journal|last1=Alaya|first1=Zeineb|last2=Braham|first2=Mouna|last3=Aissa|first3=Sana|last4=Kalboussi|first4=Houda|last5=Bouajina|first5=Elyès|title=A case of Caplan syndrome in a recently diagnosed patient with silicosis: A case report|journal=Radiology Case Reports|volume=13|issue=3|year=2018|pages=663–666|issn=19300433|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2018.03.004}}</ref> | *The patients with [[Caplan syndrome]] are mostly [[asymptomatic]] initially. <ref name="Benedek1973">{{cite journal|last1=Benedek|first1=Thomas G.|title=Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=55|issue=4|year=1973|pages=515–524|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(73)90209-X}}</ref> <ref name="AlayaBraham2018">{{cite journal|last1=Alaya|first1=Zeineb|last2=Braham|first2=Mouna|last3=Aissa|first3=Sana|last4=Kalboussi|first4=Houda|last5=Bouajina|first5=Elyès|title=A case of Caplan syndrome in a recently diagnosed patient with silicosis: A case report|journal=Radiology Case Reports|volume=13|issue=3|year=2018|pages=663–666|issn=19300433|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2018.03.004}}</ref> | ||
*The [[symptoms]] of [[dyspnea]] and [[cough]] typically develop with the progression of the disease. | *Caplan [[nodules]] appear with or later than the onset of [[Rheumatoid arthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis.]] | ||
*Caplan [[nodules]] may lead to [[cavitation]] or [[calcification]] with [[pleural effusion]] or in rare cases [[Pneumothorax|pneumothorax]]. | |||
*[[Lung]] [[nodules]] in [[Caplan syndrome]] are rapidly growing; gain final size within weeks to month and then remain unchanged for years long. | |||
*Most of the [[lung]] [[nodules]] resolve spontaneously while some leave behind asteroid scarring. In 10% cases, [[cavitation]] and [[calcification]] happen. | |||
*There are cases of [[Caplan syndrome]] with radiologic findings of Caplan nodules but no [[rheumatoid factor]]. | |||
*The [[symptoms]] of [[dyspnea]] and [[cough]] typically develop with the progression of the [[disease]]. | |||
*If left untreated, patients with [[Caplan syndrome]] may progress to develop [[wheeze]] in the [[chest]] which doesn't change with [[cough]] suggestive of irreversible [[pulmonary fibrosis]]. | *If left untreated, patients with [[Caplan syndrome]] may progress to develop [[wheeze]] in the [[chest]] which doesn't change with [[cough]] suggestive of irreversible [[pulmonary fibrosis]]. | ||
Revision as of 02:06, 18 June 2021
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
If left untreated, some patients might develop irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The patients with Caplan syndrome are mostly asymptomatic initially. [1] [2]
- Caplan nodules appear with or later than the onset of Rheumatoid arthritis.
- Caplan nodules may lead to cavitation or calcification with pleural effusion or in rare cases pneumothorax.
- Lung nodules in Caplan syndrome are rapidly growing; gain final size within weeks to month and then remain unchanged for years long.
- Most of the lung nodules resolve spontaneously while some leave behind asteroid scarring. In 10% cases, cavitation and calcification happen.
- There are cases of Caplan syndrome with radiologic findings of Caplan nodules but no rheumatoid factor.
- The symptoms of dyspnea and cough typically develop with the progression of the disease.
- If left untreated, patients with Caplan syndrome may progress to develop wheeze in the chest which doesn't change with cough suggestive of irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.
Complications
Possible complications include:
- Increased risk for tuberculosis
- Progressive massive fibrosis (scarring)
- Side effects of medications
Prognosis
Caplan syndrome rarely causes serious breathing trouble or disability due to lung problems.
The nodules may pre-date the appearance of rheumatoid arthritis by several years. Otherwise, prognosis is as for RA; lung disease may remit spontaneously, but pulmonary fibrosis may also progress.
References
- ↑ Benedek, Thomas G. (1973). "Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis". The American Journal of Medicine. 55 (4): 515–524. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(73)90209-X. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Alaya, Zeineb; Braham, Mouna; Aissa, Sana; Kalboussi, Houda; Bouajina, Elyès (2018). "A case of Caplan syndrome in a recently diagnosed patient with silicosis: A case report". Radiology Case Reports. 13 (3): 663–666. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2018.03.004. ISSN 1930-0433.